重症监护病房患者获得性下呼吸道感染病原菌特点及耐药性分析

目的分析2010～2011重症监护病房(ICU)患者获得性下呼吸道感染病原菌特点及耐药性情况,为临床合理选用抗生素治疗提供指导依据。方法对374例获得性下呼吸道感染患者的痰标本,分离出的病原菌进行鉴定和药敏最小抑菌浓度(MIC)检测,综合分析主要感染病原菌特点。结果 ICU患者获得性下呼吸道感染病原菌革兰阴性菌占73.8%,革兰阳性菌13.9%,真菌占12.3%,抗生素耐药性有上升趋势。结论加强实验室的病原菌鉴定和耐药性监控,对预防和控制ICU获得性下呼吸道感染、减少抗生素的滥用、降低病原菌耐药性有着重要的意义。

Survey on characteristics and drug resistance of pathogens in patients with acquired lower respiratory tract infections in intensive care unit

Objective In order to provide the basis for reasonable application of antibiotics for clinical usage, the characteristics and drug resistance of pathogens in patients with acquired lower respiratory tract infection in intensive care unit （ICU） during 2010 to 2011 were analyzed. Methods The pathogens of 374 sputum samples from patients with acquired lower respiratory tract infection were isolated, these strains were iden- tified and their susceptibility of MIC was examined. Results Among 212 isolates from patients with acquired lower respiratory tract infection in ICU, Gram - negative bacteria accounted for 73.8%, Gram - positive bacteria accounted for 13.9% and fungus accounted for 12.3%. Their drug resistance to antibiotics showed an increasing tendency. Conclusion There was a higher rate of lower respiratory tract infection in ICU, Gram - negative bacteria are main pathogens and the rate of drug resistance of infective pathogens is high. It is important to strengthen the laboratory moni- toring of pathogens and their drug resistance, and rational application of antibiotics is important in order to reduce the drug resistance of bacteria.