Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Lemon Mucilage: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies |
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| Authors: | Enza Maria Galati Antonia Cavallaro Tommaso Ainis Maria Marcella Tripodo Irene Bonaccorsi Giuseppe Contartese |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Pharmaco-Biological Department, University of Messina, Messina, Italy;2. Department of Environmental Sanitary Social and Industrial Protectionistic, University of Messina, Messina, Italy;3. Department of Organic and Biological Chemistry, University of Messina, Messina, Italy |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
The mucilage extracted from a lemon juice centrifugation pulp was studied for its anti-inflammatory effect in rat. In vivo the lemon mucilage significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced edema in rat paw from 59% to 73.5% showing the highest effect at the third hour. In vitro, at the doses of 10?8, 10?6, 10?4 or 10?2 mg/mL the lemon mucilage stimulated the superoxide anion production in rat testing neutrophils in whole blood but inhibited it in FMLP stimulated cells at the dose of 10?2 mg/mL. The neutrophils of rats receiving p.o. the lemon mucilage for 21 days showed a significant decrease of 45.5% in O2? generation after FMLP stimulation, and a not-significant increase after phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) or zymosan stimulation. Since the activity on zymosan- and PMA-induced O2? production was not significant, the inhibition exerted by FMLP in rat neutrophils occurred mainly through the blockade of phospholipase D. |
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| Keywords: | Neutrophils peripheral blood mononuclear cells N-nitrosodimethylamine inducible nitric oxide synthase nitric oxide p38 MAPK cyclic guanosine monophosphate superoxide anion |
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