遗传和环境效应对儿童少年智力影响的双生子研究

目的通过对双生子儿童智力测量指标的遗传度研究,探讨遗传和环境效应对儿童少年智力的影响程度。方法采用韦氏儿童智力量表(WISC-CR)对233对6～15岁同性别双生子进行智力测评,以组内相关系数法计算各智力指标的遗传度。结果6～15岁儿童少年总智商遗传度为0.437,言语智商遗传度为0.315,操作智商遗传度为0.482。积木和译码测验得分的遗传度分别为0.514和0.454,受遗传效应影响高于常识和词汇测验。结论遗传对儿童少年智力水平有中等程度影响,遗传和环境效应在各具体能力上影响程度不同。良好环境刺激对促进个体智力各方面潜能发展都将具有重要意义。

A Twin Study of Genetic and Environmental Effects on Intelligence of Children and Adolescents

Objective To explore the genetic and environmental influence on intelligence of children and adolescents,by estimating the heritabilities of the intelligence indicators in twins.Methods Intelligence quotient(IQ) of 233 pairs of twin children aged 6 to 15 were measured with WISC-CR.The intra-class correlation coefficient method was used to estimate the heritabilities of intelligence indicators.Results The estimated heritabilities of IQ,VIQ and PIQ in twin children aged 6-15 were 0.437,0.315 and 0.482,respectively.In Block Design and Coding subtests,the heritabilities of scores were 0.514 and 0.454,which were higher than in Information and Vocabulary subtests.Conclusion The genetic factors give middle effect to children intelligence,with the differences in subtest-specific abilities.Improving the environment of childhood is of great significance in promoting the development of individual intellectual potential.