脊髓终丝血管畸形的手术和栓塞治疗初探

目的分析脊髓终丝血管畸形的临床特点和治疗转归。方法回顾性分析2008年1月—2013年12月诊治的6例终丝血管畸形(由脊髓前/后动脉供血,病变位于脊髓圆锥以下的动静脉瘘或动静脉畸形,并且不合并其他部位的脊髓血管畸形)患者的临床资料。对6例患者实施显微外科手术和(或)血管内栓塞治疗,手术前和手术后1年行脊髓功能AminoffLogue量表评分和MRI检查。结果患者均为男性,表现为双下肢无力和二便障碍(4例),病程平均(17±5)个月。6例病理类型均为动静脉瘘,供血动脉包括腰动脉、髂内动脉和骶正中动脉。对6例患者行Onyx胶栓塞治疗2例,手术治疗3例,栓塞联合手术治疗1例,均达到解剖治愈。1年后AminoffLogue评分改善[术前(3.8±1.9)分,术后(2.8±2.0)分],但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。其中肌力评分3例改善,2例不变,1例加重;二便功能2例改善,2例不变。结论终丝血管畸形是一种罕见的脊髓血管畸形,栓塞和手术治疗可达到解剖治愈的效果,虽只能部分恢复或不能恢复脊髓功能,但可阻断脊髓功能的继续恶化。

Preliminary study on surgery and embolization of spinal filum terminale vascular malformation

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of spinal filum terminale vascular malformation.Methods The clinical data of 6 patients with filum terminale vascular malformation diagnosed and treated from January 2008 to December. 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. The definition of filum terminale vascular malformation is anterior/posterior spinal artery feeding arteriovenous fistula or arteriovenous malformation and located below conus medullaris,and does not complicate with spinal vascular lesions in the other part. The Aminoff ＆amp; Logue score and MRI of spinal cord function were performed at one year after microneurosurgery and/or endovascular embolization.Results Allpatients were males. Their clinical presentations were the weakness of both lower extremities and sphincter disturbance. The mean course of disease was 17. 1 ± 5. 2 months. The pathological type of the 6 patients were all arteriovenous fistulas. The feeding arteries included lumbar artery,internal iliac artery,and median sacral artery. Two of the 6 patients underwent Onyx glue embolization,3 were treated with microneurosurgery,and 1 was treated with embolization in combination with microneurosurgery. They were all achieved anatomic cure. The Aminoff ＆ Logue scores were improved after 1 year （3. 8 ± 1. 9 scores before procedure,2. 8 ± 2. 0 scores after procedure）,there was no significant difference （P ＆gt;0. 05）. The myodynamia scores were improved in 3 patients,2 did not change,1 got worse. The urinary and bowel functions were improved in 2 patients,and4didnotchange.Conclusion Filumterminalevascularmalformationisararevascular malformation of spinal cord. Both embolization and surgical treatment can achieve anatomic cure. Although the spinal cord function can be only partially restored,but continuous deterioration can be prevented.