颈动脉内膜切除术治疗颈动脉次全或完全闭塞的术后再通超声评估

目的应用血管超声对颈动脉次全或完全闭塞病变行颈动脉内膜切除术(CEA)后再通患者的近、远期效果进行评估。方法回顾性连续纳入2005年1月—2014年1月在首都医科大学宣武医院经DSA确诊为颈动脉闭塞性病变,并接受CEA治疗的患者共107例,其中次全闭塞(颈动脉狭窄率95%~99%)63例,完全闭塞44例。记录所有患者围手术期并发症的发生情况。随访采用门诊随访、电话跟踪的方式,超声随访手术再通患者术后1周及3、6、12、24个月的情况,记录CEA术后患者临床预后、血管再狭窄、血管结构及血流动力学的改变。结果 (1)107例患者手术后再通86例(80.4%),未通21例(19.6%)。术后30d内卒中及死亡发生率为4.7%(5例),其中次全闭塞组发生率为4.8%(3例),完全闭塞组为4.5%(2例)。(2)术后1周内再通患者的患侧大脑中动脉收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)、舒张期末血流速度(EDV)及血管搏动指数均较术前明显升高分别为(120±39)cm/s比(60±17)cm/s,(50±18)cm/s比(33±11)cm/s和0.96±0.20比0.67±0.14]差异有统计学意义(均P0.01);颈动脉超声显示再通患者原病变局部血管内径均较术前增宽分别为(4.4±1.1)和(3.6±1.0)mm)],差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。(3)超声随访颈动脉再通患者69例,时间为1~60个月,中位数为12个月。术后1~6个月血管通畅比率95.6%(66例),6~12个月血管通畅比率94.2%(65例),12~24个月血管通畅比率94.2%(65例),2年以上血管通畅比率91.3%(63例)。结论血管超声可对颈动脉闭塞性病变CEA后血管再通患者进行近期及远期的跟踪随访,判断血流改善程度,及时发现术后再狭窄。

Ultrasound assessment of recanalization after carotid endarterectomy for the treatment of subtotal or complete occlusion of carotid artery

Objective To evaluate the short-term and long-term effects in patients of carotid artery subtotal or complete occlusion after carotid endarterectomy （ CEA） using vascular ultrasound. Methods A total of 107 consecutive patients were diagnosed as carotid artery occlusive disease with DSA and treated with CEA at Beijing Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University from January 2005 to January 2014 were enrolled retrospectively. Sixty-three of them had subtotal occlusion （ the carotid artery stenosis rate 95% to 99%） and 44 had complete occlusion. The occurrence of perioperative complications of all patients was documented. The follow-up study used outpatient follow-up and telephone tracking. The patients of surgical recanalization were followed up with ultrasound at 1 week, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after procedure. The clinical prognosis, restenosis, vascular structure and hemodynamic changes of the patients after CEA were documented. Results （1） Of the 107 patients,86 （80. 4%） achieved recanalization after＆amp;nbsp;procedure and 21 （19. 6%） did not. The incidence of stroke and death was 4. 7% （5 cases） within 30 days after procedure,among them the incidence of subtotal occlusion group was 4. 8% （ n=3 cases） and the complete occlusion group was 4. 5% （2 cases）. （2） Within one week after procedure,the peak systolic velocity （ PSV） ,end diastolic velocity （ EDV） ,and pulsatility index （ PI） of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery in the recanalization patients increased significantly （120 ± 39 cm/s vs 60 ± 17 cm/s,50 ± 18 cm/s vs 33±11cm/s,and0.96±0.20vs0.67±0.14,respectively）.Thereweresignificantdifferences（allP〈0. 01）. Carotid artery ultrasound showed that the local vessel diameters of the original lesions in the recanalization patients were widened as compared with preoperation （4. 4 ± 1. 1 and 3. 6 ± 1. 0 mm）. There was significant difference （P〈0. 01）. （3） Sixty-nine patients with recanalization were followed up for 1 to 60 months（