Growth patterns in early childhood and cardiovascular structure and function at 4 years old: A prospective cohort study |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China;2. Medical Laboratory, Shanghai Children''s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China;3. Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Children''s Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
Background and aimsChildhood overweight and obesity are lifetime risk factors for cardiovascular disease but the relationship between dynamic body mass index (BMI) change and cardiovascular structure and function in early childhood remains unclear.Methods and resultsThis cohort study consisted 525 participants with 6 distinct representative growth patterns to examine the associations between BMI growth patterns and subsequent cardiovascular structure and function at age 4. BMIs were obtained at birth, 2 and 4 years old. Cardiovascular assessments were performed, including blood pressure (BP), cardiac geometric parameters, left ventricular (LV) function, speckle-tracking, integrated backscatter analysis and carotid intima-media thickness. Compared to the stable normal BMI pattern, children with the stable overweight (OW) pattern had significantly greater LV anatomic parameters in fully adjusted models. Children with the catch-up (CU) pattern revealed a uniform trend and had poorer strain. LV diameters and integrated backscatter signals were larger for those with BMI gain and lose pattern. Children with BMI lose pattern showed improved tendency involving LV mass index and BP. Both OW and CU patterns were associated with high systolic BP [odds ratio (95% CI): OW: 3.67 (1.08, 12.47); CU: 4.24 (1.75, 10.28)]. Compared to static BMI measurements at birth, 2 and 4 years old, dynamic BMI growth patterns were more predictive of cardiovascular structure and function at 4.ConclusionsChildren with overweight-related BMI growth patterns in early childhood experienced undesirable cardiovascular functional or structural changes as early as 4 years old, indicating that early intervention is needed and potentially beneficial. |
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| Keywords: | Body mass index Dynamic growth pattern Overweight Early childhood Cardiovascular health BMI" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0040" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" body mass index BP" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0050" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" blood pressure cCVIB" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0060" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" calibrated cyclic variation of integrated backscatter cIBS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0070" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" calibrated integrated backscatter signal cIMT" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0080" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" carotid intima media thickness CU" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0090" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" catch-up DBP" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0100" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" diastolic blood pressure ET" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0110" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" ejection time GLS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0120" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" global longitudinal strain HR" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0130" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" heart rate IB" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0140" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" integrated backscatter ICT" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0150" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" isovolumic contraction time IRT" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0160" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" isovolumic relaxation time IVSd" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0170" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" interventricular septum diastolic thickness LV" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0180" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" left ventricular LVEF" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0190" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" left ventricular ejection fraction LVFS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0200" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" left ventricular fractional shortening LVIDd" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0210" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" left ventricular internal end-diastolic diameter LVIDs" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0220" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" left ventricular internal end-systolic diameter LVM" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0230" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" left ventricular mass LVMI" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0240" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" left ventricular mass indexed to the height LVPWd" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0250" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" left ventricular posterior wall diastolic thicknesses LVPWs" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0260" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" left ventricular posterior wall systolic thicknesses OW" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0270" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" overweight RWT" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0280" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" relative wall thickness SBC" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0290" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Shanghai Birth Cohort SBP" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0300" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" systolic blood pressure STE" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" kwrd0310" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" speckle tracking echocardiography |
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