Global burden attributable to high sodium intake from 1990 to 2019 |
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Institution: | 1. The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi''an, Shaanxi, 710049, China;2. Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, 02912, USA;3. Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;4. Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Peking, 100191, China |
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Abstract: | Background and aimsHigh sodium intake is associated with a higher risk of a wide range of diseases. We aimed to estimate the pattern and trend of the global disease burden associated with high sodium intake from 1990 to 2019.Methods and resultsWe obtained numbers and rates of death and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) attributable to high sodium intake by sex, socio-demographic index, and country from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. We calculated the estimated annual percentage change to evaluate the age-standardized rate (ASR) of the burden attributable to high sodium intake between 1990 and 2019. We further calculated the contribution of population growth, population aging, and age-specific rates of death and DALY to the net change in the total number of deaths and DALYs attributable to high sodium intake. From 1990 to 2019, global age-standardized rates of death and DALY attributable to high sodium intake substantially decreased for both sexes. However, there were significant increases in the total numbers of deaths and DALYs attributable to high sodium intake, which were driven by population growth and population aging. The attribution of population growth and population aging varied widely across countries, with a higher contribution of population growth in most developing countries and a higher contribution of population aging in countries with slow population growth.ConclusionsAlthough the global burden attributable to high sodium intake in terms of age-standardized rate declined from 1990 to 2019, the absolute burden increased significantly, which was driven by population growth and population aging. |
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Keywords: | GBD 2019 High sodium intake Global trend Disability-adjusted life year Decomposition method GBD"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0040"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Global Burden of Disease DALY"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0050"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Disability-adjusted Life Year SDI"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0060"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Socio-demographic Index EAPC"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0070"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Estimated Annual Percentage Change SEV"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0080"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Summary Exposure Value |
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