糖尿病患者医院感染危险因素及其临床特点

目的探讨糖尿病患者并发医院感染的危险因素，从而有效预防和控制糖尿病患者发生医院感染。方法回顾性调查某院2005年1月-2006年12月间出院的糖尿病患者病历，对其医院感染危险因素进行分析。结果共调查1247例糖尿病患者，其中53例发生医院感染，医院感染率为4．25％，明显高于同期全院医院感染率2．84％（χ^2=9，18，P〈0．01）。糖尿病患者医院感染部位以呼吸道最多见，共发生47例次；其次为胃肠道13例次，泌尿道11例次，皮肤黏膜1例次，口腔1例次。糖尿病患者并发医院感染与高龄（≥60岁）、住院时间长、糖尿病病程长、血糖控制不佳及有创诊疗有关。结论糖尿病患者医院感染率较高，应严格控制易感因素，并针对其危险因素重点监控。

Risk factors and clinical characteristics of nosocomial infection in patients with diabetes mellitus

Objective To evaluate the risk factors of nosocomial infection（NI） in patients with diabetes mellitus （DM）, so as to prevent and control the occurrence of NI. Methods Medical records of patients with DM who were discharged between January 2005 and December 2006 were surveyed retrospectively, risk factors of NI were analysed. Results Fifty-three of 1 247 investigated cases of DM developed NI,NI rate was 4. 25% ,which was obviously higher than the total NI rate（2. 84%） of the hospital during the same period （χ^2 = 9. 18, P〈0. 01）. The main infection site was respiratory tract （47 cases）, followed by gastrointestinal tract （13 cases）, urinary tract（11 cases）, skin and mucous membrane（1 case） and oral cavity（1 case）. The main risk factors of NI in patients with DM included： age（≥60 years）, long duration of hospitalization, long course of DM, inadequate control of blood glucose and invasive examination and treatment. Conclusion Nosocomial infection rate is high in patients with DM, risk factors must be controlled and monitored strictly.