Primary Versus Specialty Care Outcomes for Depressed Outpatients Managed with Measurement-Based Care: Results from STAR*D |
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| Authors: | Bradley N. Gaynes MD MPH A. John Rush MD Madhukar H. Trivedi MD Stephen R. Wisniewski PhD G.K. Balasubramani PhD Patrick J. McGrath MD Michael E. Thase MD Michael Klinkman MD Andrew A. Nierenberg MD William R. Yates MD Maurizio Fava MD |
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| Affiliation: | (1) Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA;(2) University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA;(3) Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;(4) New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA;(5) College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;(6) University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;(7) Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA;(8) University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Tulsa, OK, USA;(9) University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
Background Whether the acute outcomes of major depressive disorder (MDD) treated in primary (PC) or specialty care (SC) settings are different is unknown. Objective To compare the treatment and outcomes for depressed outpatients treated in primary versus specialty settings with citalopram in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study (www.star-d.org), a broadly inclusive effectiveness trial. Design Open clinical trial with citalopram for up to 14 weeks at 18 primary and 23 specialty sites. Participants received measurement-based care with 5 recommended treatment visits, manualized pharmacotherapy, ongoing support and guidance by a clinical research coordinator, the use of structured evaluation of depressive symptoms and side effects at each visit, and a centralized treatment monitoring and feedback system. Participants A total of 2,876 previously established outpatients in primary (n = 1091) or specialty (n = 1785) with nonpsychotic depression who had at least 1 post-baseline measure. Measurements and Main Results Remission (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale for Depression [Hamilton] or 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Rated [QIDS-SR16]); response (QIDS-SR16); time to first remission (QIDS-SR16). Remission rates by Hamilton (26.6% PC vs 28.0% SC, p = .40) and by QIDS-SR16 (32.5% PC vs 33.1% SC, p = .78) and response rates by QIDS-SR16 (45.7% PC vs 47.6% SC, p = .33) were not different. For those who reached remission or response at exit, the time to remission (6.2 weeks PC vs 6.9 weeks SC, p = .12) and to response (5.5 weeks PC vs 5.4 weeks SC, p = .97) did not differ by setting. Conclusions Identical remission and response rates can be achieved in primary and specialty settings when identical care is provided. Trial registry name: Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) Registration identification number: NCT00021528 URL for the registry: |
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| Keywords: | primary care depression clinical trial outcomes |
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