临床常见药物导致药疹与人类白细胞抗原基因多态性研究进展

药疹是最常见的药物不良反应，除引起皮肤黏膜损害，还可引起肝、肾、骨髓多系统损害，严重者可导致患者死亡。近年来特定药物导致的药疹与人类白细胞抗原基因(human leukocyte antigen，HLA)基因间的关联性研究取得了重大进展，部分研究成果已用于临床用药前筛查以预测和避免药疹的发生。本文从临床常见药物导致药疹与HLA基因多态性的关系及人种差异、基因筛查的临床价值及经济效益、HLA基因介导药疹的免疫机制几个方面阐述，以期为个性化精准医疗及药物安全评价提供理论参考依据。

Research Progress of Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reaction Caused by Common Clinical Drugs and human leukocyte antigen Gene Polymorphism

Cutaneous adverse drug reaction(CADR) is the most common adverse drug reaction. In addition to causing skin and mucosal damage, it can also cause damage to multiple systems such as the liver, kidney, and bone marrow. In severe cases, it can lead to death. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the study of the association between CADR and human leukocyte antigen(HLA) genes, and some research results have been used in pre-clinical drug screening to predict and avoid CADR. This article explained the relationship between CADR and HLA gene polymorphism, the clinical value and economic benefits of gene screening, and the immune mechanism of HLA gene-mediated CADR, in order to provide a theoretical reference for personalized precision medicine and drug safety evaluation.