手术治疗强直性脊柱炎合并颈椎骨折脱位的临床研究

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎（AS）合并外伤性颈椎骨折脱位的病理特点,评价前后路联合手术疗效。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2006年1月治疗的18例AS合并外伤性颈椎骨折脱位患者。AS平均病程14．5年,3例既往行腰椎截骨矫形手术。术前Frankel分级：A级4例,B级3例,C级9例,D级2例。均为前后路联合手术。结果应用前-后入路4例,前-后-前入路8例,后-前入路6例。一期手术7例,分期11例。术后神经功能除4例A级随访无改善外,其余14例均有不同程度恢复。平均随访21．2个月,术后平均3．6个月植骨获得融合,无内固定失败。围手术期并发症4例,远期1例。结论本研究提示前后路联合手术能取得即刻脊柱三维稳定,有效解除脊髓前后方压迫,是累及三柱的AS合并颈椎骨折脱位的合理外科治疗方式。

Combined anterior and posterior approach for cervical fracture-dislocation with ankylosing spondylitis

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the pathological characteristics of cervical spinal fracture of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and surgical effect by combined anterior and posterior operation. METHODS: Eighteen AS patients with traumatic cervical fracture-dislocation were treated from January 2000 to January 2006. The symptom duration of AS was 14.5 years in average. Three cases had undergone osteotomy in lumbar spine. There were 4 cases of Grade A, 3 cases of Grade B, 9 cases of Grade C and 2 cases of Grade D in Frankel's score. All patients underwent surgical procedures by combined anterior and posterior approach. RESULTS: There were 4 anterior-posterior procedures, 8 anterior-posterior-anterior procedures and 6 posterior-anterior procedures. Seven patients had one stage operation and 11 cases underwent two stage. There were some extent neurological improvement in 14 incompletely paraplegic patients, no improvement in 4 complete paraplegia patients. The follow-up period was 21.2 months in average and the bone fusion was 3.6 months. There were 4 complications during perioperative period and 1 in long term follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that anterior combined with posterior approach makes the spine stable and relieves the pressure immediately. It is the reasonable surgical strategy in the treatment of cervical spinal fracture-dislocation with AS.