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我国部分地区高血压社区健康管理方法现况调查
引用本文:梁小华,顾东风. 我国部分地区高血压社区健康管理方法现况调查[J]. 中华健康管理学杂志, 2012, 0(1): 53-56
作者姓名:梁小华  顾东风
作者单位:[1]重庆市九龙坡区疾病预防控制中心,400039 [2]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院阜外心血管病医院,400039
基金项目:国家“十一五”科技支撑计划(2006BA101A01)
摘    要:目的研究目前我国部分地区高血压社区健康管理的具体方法,明确管理方法的运用状况。方法在我国5省10个调查点,采用整群抽样的方法选取了59个社区,其中应答的有55个社区,应答率为93.2%。通过结构式访谈的方法调查高血压健康管理负责人,收集各个社区管理高血压患者的具体方法。从慢性病管理模型的六个方面分析社区采取的各种管理方法所占的比例。结果自我管理支持的健康教育方面:采用饮食控制、锻炼及用药指导的比例分别为100.0%(55/55)、96.4%(53/55)与98.2%(54/55),自测血压、医患协作治疗与社会心理指导的比例分别为83.6%(46/55)、85.5%(47/55)、85.5%(47/55);医疗机构调整方面:采用医生培训、部门协作、改善随访系统及健康促进的比例分别为100.0%(55/55)、67.3%(37/55)、72.7%(40/55)及74.5%(41/55);决策支持方面:采用按指南治疗、专家咨询及健康维持的比例分别为72.7%(40/55)、67.3%(37/55)及92.7%(51/55);医疗信息系统支持方面:采用随访系统及慢性病监测系统的比例分别为80.0%(44/55)及89.1%(49/55);社区资源与政策支持方面:制定促进健康的公共政策、创造有益健康的社区环境、开展社区健康活动的比例分别为96.4%(53/55)、72.7%(40/55)及85.5%(47/55);卫生系统对慢性病管理的组织支持方面:制定效果评价指标、领导支持慢性病管理、制定连续性实施的策略及提高高血压在社区的报销比例分别为81.8%(45/55)、85.5%(47/55)、74.5%(41/55)及61.8%(34/55),制定激励措施、调整社区人员配置、社区参与政策的制定与适当提高社区医生的待遇的比例分别为58.2%(32/55)、50.9%(28/55)、54.5%(30/55)及34.5%(19/55)。结论我国部分地区高血压社区规范化管理运用了慢性病管理模型的主要方面,有利于提高高血压患者血压控制率。但是卫生系统有关增加社区人员编制、鼓励社区医生参与政策制定、增加社区医生待遇及激励措施的采用率还需进一步提高,才有利于高血压社区规范化管理顺利开展。

关 键 词:高血压  社区卫生中心  健康管理

Current status of community hypertension management in China
LIANG Xiao-hua,GU Dong-feng. Current status of community hypertension management in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Management, 2012, 0(1): 53-56
Authors:LIANG Xiao-hua  GU Dong-feng
Affiliation:. Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiulongpo Dictrict, Chongqing 400039, China
Abstract:Objective To investigate current status of community health management for hypertensive patients. Methods A total of 59 communities from 5 provinces of China were selected by cluster sampling methods, and 55 communities responded. The detailed health management for hypertensive patients was collected through structured interviews. Results (1) Self-management support in health education: the rates of diet control, physical exercise and medication guide were 100. 0% (55/55) , 96. 4% (53/55) and 98.2% (54/55) , respectively', and the rates of home blood pressure monitoring, patient- doctor cooperation, and social mental guidance were 83.6% (46/55) , 85.5% (47/55) and 85.5% (47/ 55) , respectively. (2) Delivery system redesign: the rates of doctor training, branch cooperation, routine follow-up study and health promotion were 100.0% (55/55), 67.3% (37/55), 72.7% (40/55)and 74. 5% (41/55) , respectively. (3) Decision support: the rates of embedding evidence-based guidelines on daily clinical practice, expert consultation and health maintenance were 72.7% (40/55) , 67.3% (37/55) and 92.7% (51/55) , respectively. (4) Clinical information systems: the usage rates of long-term follow-up or monitoring system were 80. 0% (44/55) and 89. 1% (49/55), respectively. (5) Community resources and policies: the rates of health promotion, environment supporting and community action were 96. 4% (53/55), 72.7% (40/55) and 85.5% (47/55), respectively. (6) Health system support : the rates of using effective evaluation indexes, senior leader supporting, continuous policy making and increased reimbursement of medical insurance in health-care organizations were 81.8% (45/55) , 85.5% (47/55) , 74. 5% (41/55) and 61.8% (34/55), respectively. The rates of providing incentives, increasing staff in community, encouraging general practitioner to participate in policy making and increasing the salary of general practitioner were 58.2% ( 32/55 ), 50. 9% ( 28/55 ), 54. 5% ( 30/55 ) and 34. 5% ( 19/55 ), respectively. Conclusion The comnmnity hypertension management in some areas of China considers the principles of chronic disease models, and may play an important role in the prevention and control of high blood pressure in communities.
Keywords:Hypertension  Community health centers  Health management
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