性别和年龄对学龄前长子女同胞关系的影响

目的  研究性别和年龄对学龄前长子女同胞关系的影响。方法  采用整群抽样方法抽取深圳市龙华区全区幼儿园3~6岁有弟弟/妹妹的长子女作为研究对象，共8 449例，最终纳入分析儿童8 419例。用自制问卷收集一般人口学资料，用同胞关系量表(sibling inventory of behavior, SIB)评估同胞关系，包括积极关系(陪伴、共情和教导)和消极关系(竞争、攻击和回避)，共6个维度。结果  长子的同胞攻击维度得分高于长女，而同胞陪伴、同胞共情和同胞教导维度得分则低于长女，差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)；同性同胞的竞争维度得分较异性同胞高，差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)；不同同胞组合在同胞关系的6个维度差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)；随着年龄的增长，不同年龄儿童在同胞回避、陪伴、共情、教导4个维度中得分差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)。分层回归分析显示，同胞关系中的共情维度和教导维度，最终模型(模型3)纳入性别、年龄和同胞关系构成3个变量，差异均有统计学意义(R²=0.011, F=32.396, 均P＜0.001；R²=0.021, F=58.921, 均P＜0.001)。结论  长子女的性别和年龄对同胞关系的发展有影响。长女和5~6岁的儿童更容易发展积极的同胞关系。

Effects of gender and age on sibling relationship of first-born children at preschool age

Objective To study the effects of gender and age on sibling relationships of first-born children at preschool age. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select the first-born children aged 3-6 years with younger brothers/sisters at all the kindergartens in Longhua District of Shenzhen City. A total of 8 449 cases were investigated, of which 8 419 cases were effectively completed. A self-made questionnaire was used to collect general demographic data. The sibling inventory of behavior (SIB) scale, including three positive dimensions (companionship, empathy and teaching) and three negative dimensions (rivalry, aggression and avoidance), was used to explore the sibling relationship. Results The scores of sibling aggression in first-born boys were higher than those in girls; however, the scores of positive sibling relationships, including companionship, empathy and teaching, were lower than those in girls (all P＜0.05). The competition dimension score of a same-sex sibling was significantly higher than that of a heterosexual sibling (all P＜0.05). There were significant differences across all six dimensions of sibling relationships among different sibling combinations. With the increase of age, the scores of sibling avoidance significantly decreased, while the scores of the three positive dimensions, including companionship, empathy and teaching, increased considerably (all P＜0.05). Hierarchical regression analysis showed statistical significance in the empathy and teaching of the final model (model 3), which includes three variables (gender, age and sibling relationship) [R2=0.011, F=32.396 (P＜0.001); R2=0.021, F=58.921 (P＜0.001), respectively]. Conclusions The gender and age of first-born children may impact the development of sibling relationships. First-born girls and children aged 5-6 are more likely to develop positive sibling relationships.