石家庄市大气细颗粒物对糖尿病患者住院风险影响的病例交叉研究

目的  探讨石家庄市大气细颗粒物(fine particulate matter, PM_2.5)对糖尿病患者住院风险的影响。方法  收集2019-2021年石家庄市大气污染物浓度、气象因素及糖尿病住院患者的相关资料。开展时间分层病例交叉研究，分别利用单污染物模型、双污染物模型及分层分析探究PM_2.5对糖尿病患者住院风险的影响。结果  共收集14 756例糖尿病患者住院资料。单污染物模型结果显示，PM_2.5对糖尿病患者住院风险的影响在lag 01时达到最大，其日均浓度每升高1个IQR(38.750 μg/m³)，糖尿病患者住院风险所对应的OR值为1.044 (95% CI: 1.019~1.070, P=0.001)。分层分析结果显示，PM_2.5对男性糖尿病患者住院风险高于女性，PM_2.5对年龄＜60岁人群的糖尿病患者住院风险高于≥60岁人群，处于采暖期的糖尿病患者住院风险高于非采暖期，差异有统计学意义(P=0.035)。结论  石家庄市PM_2.5浓度升高可导致糖尿病患者入院风险增加。

A case-crossover study on the effect of fine particulate matter on the risk of hospitalization in patients with diabetes mellitus in Shijiazhuang

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on the risk of diabetes hospitalization in Shijiazhuang City. Methods We collected the relevant data of air pollutant concentration, meteorological factors and diabetes inpatients in Shijiazhuang from 2019 to 2021. A time-stratified case crossover study was conducted to explore the effect of atmospheric PM2.5 on hospitalization risk of diabetes patients using single pollutant model, double pollutant model and stratified analysis, respectively. Results A total of 14 756 hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus were included in this study. The results of the single pollutant model showed that the association of each IQR increase in PM2.5 concentration on diabetes hospitalization reached the maximum at lag 01 [OR value (95% CI): 1.044(1.019-1.070), P=0.001]. Stratified analysis revealed that PM2.5 posed a higher hospitalization risk in male diabetic patients compared to females, in patients < 60 years compared to those 60 years and older, and in diabetic patients during the heating period compared to the non-heating period. And all the differences were statistically significant (P=0.035). Conclusions The increase of PM2.5 concentration can lead to an increased risk of diabetes hospitalization in Shijiazhuang City.