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Complex innervation patterns of the conus arteriosus in the heart of the longnose gar, Lepisosteus osseus |
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| Authors: | Daniele ZacconeAdrian C. Grimes Alessandra SfacteriaMarta Jaroszewska Giuseppa CaristinaMauro Manganaro Anthony P. FarrellGiacomo Zaccone Konrad DabrowskiFabio Marino |
| Affiliation: | a Department of Animal Biology and Marine Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Messina, I-98166 Messina, Italy b Departamento de Biología del Desarrollo Cardiovascular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain c Unit of Veterinary Pathology, Dept. Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy d Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland e Faculty of Land and Food Systems, and Dept. of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada f School of Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA |
| Abstract: | Anatomical and functional studies of the autonomic innervation in the conus arteriosus of the garfishes are lacking. This study reveals that the conus arteriosus of the longnose gar is primarily myocardial in nature, but additionally, large numbers of smooth muscle cells are present in the subendocardium. A well-developed system of adrenergic, cholinergic, substance P (SP) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) positive nerve terminals are found in the wall of the conus arteriosus. Coronary blood vessels running in the adventitia receive a rich supply of nNOS positive nerve fibers, thus suggesting their importance in the nitrergic control of blood flow in the conus arteriosus. The present data show that the patterns of autonomic innervation of the garfish conus arteriosus are more complex than previously appreciated. |
| Keywords: | Autonomic innervation Neurotransmitters Myocardium Smooth muscle Conus arteriosus Heart Lepisosteus osseus |
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