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Factors affecting study efficiency and item non-response in health surveys in developing countries: the Jamaica national healthy lifestyle survey |
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| Authors: | Rainford Wilks Novie Younger Jasneth Mullings Namvar Zohoori Peter Figueroa Marshall Tulloch-Reid Trevor Ferguson Christine Walters Franklyn Bennett Terrence Forrester Elizabeth Ward Deanna Ashley |
| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Geriatrics, University of Bern, Spital Bern-Ziegler, Morillonstrasse 75-91, CH-3001, Bern, Switzerland 2. Division of Geriatrics, Department of General Internal Medicine, Insel University of Bern Hospital, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland 3. Department of Primary Care and Population Sciences, University College London, Hampstead Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK 4. Albertinen-Haus Geriatrics Centre, University of Hamburg, Sellhopsweg 18-22, D-22459, Hamburg, Germany 5. Department of Ageing and Health, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, 9th Floor North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK 6. Department of Health Care of the Elderly, Kings College London, Clinical Age Research Unit, King's College Hospital, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9PJ, UK 7. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Finkenhubelweg 11, CH-3012, Bern, Switzerland 8. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA 9. School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Ave. 32-144, Los Angeles, CA-90024-1687, USA |
| Abstract: | BackgroundHealth risk appraisal is a promising method for health promotion and prevention in older persons. The Health Risk Appraisal for the Elderly (HRA-E) developed in the U.S. has unique features but has not been tested outside the United States.MethodsBased on the original HRA-E, we developed a scientifically updated and regionally adapted multilingual Health Risk Appraisal for Older Persons (HRA-O) instrument consisting of a self-administered questionnaire and software-generated feed-back reports. We evaluated the practicability and performance of the questionnaire in non-disabled community-dwelling older persons in London (U.K.) (N = 1090), Hamburg (Germany) (N = 804), and Solothurn (Switzerland) (N = 748) in a sub-sample of an international randomised controlled study.ResultsOver eighty percent of invited older persons returned the self-administered HRA-O questionnaire. Fair or poor self-perceived health status and older age were correlated with higher rates of non-return of the questionnaire. Older participants and those with lower educational levels reported more difficulty in completing the HRA-O questionnaire as compared to younger and higher educated persons. However, even among older participants and those with low educational level, more than 80% rated the questionnaire as easy to complete. Prevalence rates of risks for functional decline or problems were between 2% and 91% for the 19 HRA-O domains. Participants' intention to change health behaviour suggested that for some risk factors participants were in a pre-contemplation phase, having no short- or medium-term plans for change. Many participants perceived their health behaviour or preventative care uptake as optimal, despite indications of deficits according to the HRA-O based evaluation.ConclusionThe HRA-O questionnaire was highly accepted by a broad range of community-dwelling non-disabled persons. It identified a high number of risks and problems, and provided information on participants' intention to change health behaviour. |
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