安宫牛黄散中的朱砂雄黄对感染性脑水肿大鼠乳酸脱氢酶及其同工酶的影响

目的研究生理、病理状态下安宫牛黄散中的朱砂、雄黄对机体作用的不同特点，探讨复方中朱砂、雄黄的药理作用机制。方法将SD大鼠随机分成6组(8～10只／组)：正常组，正常加安宫牛黄散(下简称整方)组(278mg／kg)；正常加除去朱砂、雄黄的安宫牛黄散(下简称拆方)组(222．7mg／kg)；脑水肿模型组(一侧大鼠颈总动脉注射百日咳杆菌250亿／kg)；模型加整方组(造模前1h给药278mg／kg)；模型加拆方组(造模前1h给药222．7mg／kg)。一次给药后5h(模型组注菌后4h)采血、制备脑匀浆。用比色法测定脑组织、血清中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)总活力，琼脂糖凝胶电泳法测定血清中乳酸脱氢酶同工酶LDH1-5百分酶活力。结果与正常组比较，模型组LDH总活力、LDH1、LDH2百分酶活力显著升高(P<0．01)；正常加整方组、正常加拆方组LDH总活力升高(P<0．05)，LDH1、LDH2百分酶活力均显著升高(P<0．01)。LDH4、LDH5百分酶活力下降(P<0．01)，但除LDH5外，整方组和拆方组各项酶活力组间差异无显著性。与模型组比较，模型加整方组、模型加拆方组LDH总活力显著下降(P<0．01)，LDH5百分酶活力显著升高(P<0．01)，但两组间差异无显著性；模型加整方组LDH2、LDH3百分酶活力显著下降(P<0．01)，LDH1、LDH4百分酶活力无显著变化；模型加拆方组LDH1、LDH4百分酶活力显著下降(P<0．05，P<0．01)，而LDH2、LDH3百分酶活力变化不显著。结论在正常生理状态下服用安宫牛黄散，对心肌、肾等有一定的损伤作用。在病理状态下(感染性脑水肿)安宫牛黄散和除去朱砂、雄黄的安宫牛黄散均可抑制被过度激活的LDH酶，两者之间差异无显著性；但复方中的朱砂、雄黄对LDH同工酶水平有影响，提示它们可能通过作用于体内某些同工酶产生药理效应。

Effects of Cinnabar and Realgar in Angong Niuhuang Powder on Lactate Dehydrogenase and Its Isoenzymes in Rats with Infectious Cerebral Edema

OBJECTIVE: To explore the pharmacologic mechanism of cinnabar (CA) and realgar (RG) in Angong Niuhuang powder (ANP) by way of studying the characteristics of their effects on organism under physiologic and pathologic states. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into six groups, 8-10 rats in each group. Group A: untreated normal rats; Group B: normal rats administered by ANP (drug I) 278 mg/kg; Group C: normal rats administered by ANP subtracted CA and RG (drug II) 222.7 mg/kg; Group D: brain edema model rats established by unilateral common carotid artery injection of Bacillus pertussis 250 million/kg; Group E: model rats administered by ANP 278 mg/kg 1 hr before modeling; Group F: model rats administered by drug II 222.7 mg 1 hr before modeling. Blood sample and brain tissue in Group D were obtained 4 hrs after modeling and those in other groups obtained 5 hrs after drug administration. The total activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum and brain tissue was determined by colorimetry and that of serum LDH isoenzymes (LDH(1-5)) were determined by gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: As compared with Group A, LDH, LDH1 and LDH2 activities increased in Group D (P < 0.01), and increased also in Group B and C (P < 0.05), while LDH4 and LDH5 decreased obviously in Group B and C. But except that of LDH5, no significant difference of LDH(1-4) in brain tissue and serum was shown in comparison of Group B and C. As compared with Group D, LDH was lower (P < 0.01) and LDH5 was higher (P < 0.01) in Group E and F without significant difference, LDH2, LDH3 were lower in Group E (P < 0.01) but unchanged in Group F, LDH1 and LDH4 were not changed in Group E but significantly lowered in Group F (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Administration of ANP in normal physiologic condition would cause damage on myocardium and kidney to certain extent, administration of ANP and drug II in pathologic (infectious brain edema) would suppress the hyper-activated LDH, with no significant difference between the effects of drug II and ANP. However, CA and RA in ANP are proven to have influence on the serum LDH isoenzymes, indicating that the two ingredients may have some potential pharmacological effects.