维持性血液透析患者生活质量影响因素分析

目的了解维持性血液透析（MHD）患者生活质量影响因素,为改善和提高MHD患者的生活质量提供科学依据和指导。方法采用SF-36量表对南充市中心医院151例MHD患者（研究组）作自评量表式调查,计算血透患者生活质量得分,分别与四川常模（四川组）、上海MHD患者（上海组）比较;调查患者一般情况、并发症控制指标并作单因素和多元线性逐步回归分析。结果研究组患者SF-36量表8个维度的得分显著低于四川常模（P〈0.01）;躯体疼痛、社会功能、精神健康及活力四维度的值明显低于上海组患者（P〈0.01）,其余四维度得分除生理功能外,均低于上海MHD患者,但无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。影响血透患者生理健康总分的变量有年龄、Kt/v、营养状况、婚姻;影响心理健康总分的变量有血压、前白蛋白、血红蛋白、铁蛋白、甲状旁腺激素、Kt/v。结论血透患者的生活质量显著低下,生活相对贫困,文化程度偏低,收入相对偏少,并发症控制相对较差这些均是影响血液透析患者生活质量的主要原因。应针对影响因素采取综合措施提高MHD患者生活质量。

Investigation analysis of life quality and influencing factors of maintenance hemodialysis patients

Objective To provide a theoretical basis and guidance on the patients with MHD＇s life quality improvement and enhancement through investigating the quality of life maintenance hemodialysis（MHD）patients＇ influencing factors.Methods 151MHD patients（study group）were investigated with SF-36 scale,which were controlled with Health people in Sichuan（Sichuan group）and Shanghai MHD patients（Shanghai group）.Results 8 parameters of SF-36 score of study group were less that that of Sichuan group（P〈0.01）.The score of bodily pain,social functioning,mental health and vitality of study group were less than that of Shanghai group（P〈0.01）.Variables affected the physical health score of hemodialysis patients were age,Kt/v,nutritional status and marriage.Variables affected mental health scores were pressure,pre-albumin,hemoglobin levels,ferritin,parathyroid hormone and Kt/v.Conclusion Life quality is significantly low in hemodialysis patients.Patients from relatively living poverty,with lower educational level,fewer income and relatively poor control of complications were the main factors affected the life quality of hemodialysis patients.Comprehensive measures should be taken to improve the life quality of MHD patients for factors.