ICU 患者发生医院感染的特点、危险因素及护理措施

目的：研究重症监护病房（ICU）患者发生医院感染的特点、危险因素及护理干预措施。方法选取我院 ICU 收治的患者1510例，根据是否发生医院感染将患者分为感染组（618例）和非感染组（892例），分析所有患者的临床资料，观察其感染特点、危险因素，并探讨护理干预措施。结果感染特点以下呼吸道感染最多，其次是泌尿道感染，以革兰氏阴性杆菌感染最多见；免疫抑制剂应用、原有肺部感染、褥疮、多发伤、气管切开、住院时间是医院感染的危险因素（P ﹤0.05）；Logistic 多因素回归分析显示原有肺部感染、住院时间、气管切开是独立危险因素（P ﹤0.05）。结论 ICU 患者医院感染以下呼吸道感染最常见，且多为革兰氏阴性杆菌感染，ICU 医院感染与多种因素有关，应该制定有针对性的护理干预措施降低感染发生率。

Investigation of characteristics of hospital infection,risk factors and nursing intervention measures of infection of ICU patients

Objective To study the characteristics of hospital infection,risk factors and nursing intervention measures of infection of intensive care unit(ICU)patients. Methods The 1510 cases patients were selected from ICU in our hospital from May 2010 to May 2015,they were divided into infection group(618 cases)and non infection group(892 cases)according to whether or not the hospital infection,analysis of clinical data of all patients,to observe the characteristics and risk factors of infection,and explore nursing intervention measures. Results Characteristics of infection:Lower respiratory tract infections was most,next was urinary tract infection,Gram negative bacterial infections were most common;application of immunosuppressive agent,previous lung infection,bedsore,multiple injury,tracheosto-my,duration of hospitalization are risk factors for nosocomial infection(P ﹤ 0. 05);Logistic multivariate regression anal-ysis:the original lung infection,hospital stay,and tracheotomy were independent risk factors(P ﹤ 0. 05). Conclusion ICU patients with nosocomial infection were the most common respiratory tract infections,and more gram negative ba-cilli infection,ICU hospital infection and a variety of factors,it should be targeted nursing intervention.