北京首批重症急性呼吸综合征患者临床特征及预后分析

目的　探讨重症急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)临床特征 ,分析其预后影响因素。方法　以北京地区首批 34例SARS患者为研究对象 ,观察其临床特征及辅助检查 ,并对 1例死亡患者尸检。结果　患者年龄平均 (33 4± 13 4 )岁 ;潜伏期 2～ 14d ,中位数 4d。发热 (10 0 % )、心悸 (91 7% )、肌痛(79 2 % )、头痛 (70 8% )、腹泻 (73 9% )、咳嗽 (5 8 3% )为主要临床表现。初诊时白细胞计数平均 (4 6± 1 4 )× 10 9/L ,淋巴细胞平均 0 2 7± 0 11,淋巴细胞绝对计数 (1 2 3± 0 4 6 )× 10 9/L ,6 8 4 %病例低于正常。ALT、乳酸脱氢酶、血沉水平升高者分别占 76 2 %、2 8 6 %、4 7 8% ,血清铁、血清白蛋白水平降低者分别为 6 3 2 %、38 1%。 32例有胸部X线检查异常 ,2例CT扫描发现异常。尸检 :肺脏和淋巴组织受累明显。多因素分析显示 ,不良预后独立影响因素是高龄。结论　发热、淋巴细胞和血清铁降低及胸部影像学检查可早期诊断SARS ;年龄为该病预后的独立预测因素。

Analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Beijing

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical, laboratory, and radiologic features of 34 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Beijing. METHODS: All patients were admitted to the isolation wards. Their demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiologic characteristics were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: Eight patients came from a family, and 15 patients were medical staff. The mean age of patients was (33.4 +/- 13.4) years. The latent period varied from 2 to 14 days (median 4 days). The most common symptoms were fever (100%), palpitation (91.7%), myalgia (79.2%), headache (70.8%), diarrhea (73.9%) and cough (58.3%). The mean leucocyte count was (4.6 +/- 1.4) x 10(9)/L, and the mean lymphocyte ratio was 0.27 +/- 0.11. 68.4% of the patients had lymphopenia (absolute lymphocyte count < 1.3 x 10(9)/L). Other common findings included elevated levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and erythrocyte sedimentation (76.2%, 28.6% and 47.8%, respectively), and decreased levels of serum iron and albumin (63.2% and 47.8%, respectively). Thirty-two cases had abnormal chest radiographs. In 2 cases in whom typical lung opacities could not be found on the initial plain chest radiographs, thoracic CT proved to be useful. Postmortem examination of 1 patient revealed marked edema with foci of hemorrhage and hyaline membrane formation in the lungs, hemorrhage necrosis and a obvious decline of cells in lymph glands. In a multivariate analysis (Stata 7.0), the independent predictor of an adverse outcome was advanced age (odds ratio per decade of life, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.08 to 2.63; P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Fever, lymphopenia, low serum iron and chest radiograph are helpful to diagnose SARS early; age is the independent predictor of an outcome.