长航对舰员心理健康状况的影响分析

目的 探讨长航对舰员心理健康状况的影响,为制定相应应对措施提供依据.方法 以整群抽样的方法选取某批次护航编队的全体舰员为测试对象,采用症状自评量表、应对方式问卷等调查表对参加长航的舰员进行集体测试,并分析心理健康与应对方式及个人因素的关系.结果 长航初期(航行15d)躯体化、强迫、焦虑、症状总分等指标与后面3个阶段(航行50、90、140d)存在显著差异(P＜0.05),而后3个阶段之间差异不明显.长航初期抑郁、敌对指标与长航后期及返航期存在显著差异(P＜0.05).舰员心理健康状况随着长航时间的推移有变差的趋势,心理健康状况与消极应对方式密切相关,长航后期的心理健康状况未恢复至正常水平.不同学历、婚姻状况、职务人员的心理健康因子无显著差异(F=2.241,p=0.123; F=1.152,P=0.284:F=1.172.P=0.311).自我效能感等指标是心理健康水平的重要预测指标.结论 长航对舰员心理健康状况有影响.长航时须关注消极应对方式多、自我效能感弱的人员.长航结束后须对长航人员进行必要的心理干预以帮助解决其心理健康问题.

Influence of long-term navigation on mental health in crews

Objective To explore the influence of long-term navigation on mental health in warship crews,and to provide basis for making corresponding countermeasures.Methods All the personnel on a warship were selected by random cluster sampling when they had a long-term navigation.The Symptom Checklist-90 and Brief Cope questionnaire were carried out to collect data,and the relationship between mental health and both coping style and individual factors was analyzed.Results Mental health state changed in early stage of ocean-going navigation,and there was significant correlation between the mental state index and the active coping strategies.Mental health state indexes did not return to normal level at the end of navigation.Indexes of mental health showed no significant difference between different educational backgrounds,marriage status and mental health factors.Regression analysis showed that self-efficacy was the important predictive index of mental health.Conclusions Ocean-going navigation has influence of the crew’s mental health.More attention should be paid to those who have adopted negative coping style to cope with mental problems,and have low-level self-efficacy.Necessary psychological intervention should be given to the personnel who have just completed their long-term navigation to help them solve the mental health problems.