北京市新生儿接种乙型肝炎疫苗的流行病学效果评价

目的评价新生儿接种乙型肝炎疫苗后的流行病学效果.方法收集接种人群历年的报告、现场调查接种情况;分析接种后历年来传染病疫情报告;采用多阶段随机抽样方法,收集接种儿童的血清标本,应用固相放射免疫法(SPRIA)检测血清中乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)、抗HBs和抗-HBc,并与接种初期的检测结果进行比较.结果新生儿接种乙型肝炎疫苗后,其乙型肝炎发病率由接种初期1 8.5 9～20.5 2/10万(x2=58.26,P＜0.01)降至0.39～2.38/10万;HBsAg携带率由2.82%降至0.60%,下降约80.00%(x2=10.75,P＜0.01).结论给新生儿接种乙型肝炎疫苗是预防和控制乙型肝炎病毒感染的有效手段.

Epidemiological effect of hepatitis B immunization among newborn babies in Beijing

Objective To evaluate the epidemiological effect of hepatitis B immunization among newborn babies in Beijing. Methods A multistage sampling method was used for the collection of immunization cards, field epidemiological survey on hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunization of children, analysis of infectious disease reports. HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc levels were detected by solid phase radioimmunoassays (SPRIA). Results The incidence of hepatitis B in children of 0-14 years at the beginning of HBV immunization was 18.59-20.52/100000, and declined to 0.39-2.38/100 000 in 2000 (x2 = 58.26, P < 0.01). The HBsAg carrying rate of the children decreased from 2.82% to 0.60%, about 80.00% after vaccination ( x2 = 10.75, P < 0.01).. Conclusion Hepatitis B vaccination of newborn babies is an effective measure for prevention and control of hepatitis B virus infection.