Hepatopulmonary syndrome associated with nodular regenerative hyperplasia after liver transplantation in a child |
| |
Authors: | Rabea Alhosh Yuri Genyk Sophoclis Alexopoulos Daniel Thomas Shengmei Zhou George Yanni Nanda Kerkar |
| |
Affiliation: | 1. Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles/Keck School of Medicine of USC, , Los Angeles, CA, USA;2. Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles/Keck School of Medicine of USC, , Los Angeles, CA, USA;3. Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles/Keck School of Medicine of USC, , Los Angeles, CA, USA;4. Loma Linda University Children's Hospital (LLUCH), , Loma Linda, CA, USA |
| |
Abstract: | HPS is a significant complication of portal hypertension in children with chronic liver disease and is an established indication for LT. It is characterized clinically by the triad of pulmonary vascular dilatation causing hypoxemia in the setting of advanced liver disease. NRH, a cause of non‐cirrhotic portal hypertension, is characterized by diffuse benign transformation of the hepatic parenchyma into small regenerative nodules with minimal or no fibrosis. Development of NRH and HPS in pediatric LT recipients has not been reported, although occasional cases have been reported in adult LT recipients. In this report, we discuss a case of a three‐yr‐old male who developed HPS, two yr after LT. Pulmonary and cardiac causes for hypoxemia were ruled out by appropriate investigations including a chest X ray, echocardiogram, cardiac catheterization, and a CT angiographic study. The diagnosis of HPS was confirmed via bubble echocardiogram that demonstrated intrapulmonary shunting. Open liver biopsy revealed marked NRH. The patient underwent liver retransplantation that resulted in complete reversal of his pulmonary symptoms and normal oxygen saturations within three months after LT. |
| |
Keywords: | hepatopulmonary syndrome nodular regenerative hyperplasia liver transplantation |
|
|