Dose-effect study of domperidone as a galactagogue in preterm mothers with insufficient milk supply, and its transfer into milk

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT

• Domperidone is an effective treatment for some mothers with insufficient milk supply.
• However, dose–effect data are not available, and the safety of domperidone use in both mother and infant has been questioned.

WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS

• Domperidone only increases milk production in about two-thirds of preterm mothers with insufficient milk supply.
• On average, the responders showed increasing levels of milk production with dose escalation from 30 mg to 60 mg daily.
• The amount of domperidone that transferred into breast milk was very low, and the risk to the breastfed infant is minimal.

AIMS

To investigate the possibility of a dose–response relationship for the use of domperidone in treating insufficient milk supply in mothers of preterm infants, and to quantify the exposure of the breastfed infant to domperidone.

METHODS

Six preterm mothers received domperidone (30 mg daily or 60 mg daily) in a double-blind, randomized, crossover trial. Milk production and serum prolactin were measured before and during the trial, and domperidone concentration in milk was measured during drug treatment.

RESULTS

For milk production, two of the mothers were ‘nonresponders’, whereas the other four were ‘responders’ and showed a significant increase in milk production from 8.7 ± 3.1 g h^?1 in the run-in phase (mean ± SEM), 23.6 ± 3.9 g h^?1 for the 30-mg dose (P = 0.0217) and 29.4 ± 6.6 g h^?1 for the 60-mg dose (P = 0.0047). In all participants, serum prolactin was significantly increased for both doses, but the response was not dose dependent. Median (interquartile range) domperidone concentrations in milk over a dose interval at steady-state were 0.28 µg l^?1 (0.24–0.43) and 0.49 µg l^?1 (0.33–0.72) for the 30-mg and 60-mg doses, respectively. The mean relative infant dose was 0.012% at 30 mg daily and 0.009% at 60 mg daily.

CONCLUSION

In one-third of mothers, domperidone did not increase milk production. In the remainder, milk production increased at both domperidone doses, and there was a trend for a dose–response relationship. The amount of domperidone that transfers into milk was extremely low, and infant exposure via breastfeeding was not considered to be significant.