某型榴弹爆炸时绵羊的颅脑伤

目的：观察榴弹对颅脑的致伤特点和规律，为战伤救治提供依据。方法：电引爆离地面7m高的榴弹，将36只绵羊布放于距爆心6-48m处，致伤时测量冲击波超压和破片速度，致伤后进行病理学观察。结果：颅脑破片伤的发生率为破片伤动物的32%，伤后速发死亡率为75%，伤后6h时达100%。颅脑贯通伤和盲管伤的发生率分别为75%和25%，伤道污染严重。50%的动物头颅缺失，颅底粉碎性崩折的动物占50%。脑表现出血广泛，最远可波及延髓，镜下在距伤道4cm处也可见出血、水肿、小血管破裂和神经元变性。颅脑爆炸伤可合并各部位的破片伤，其中以腹部和四肢最多，均为62.5%，其次是胸部合并伤，为50%。全部颅脑爆炸伤动物均合并有中度以下的肺脏冲击伤。结论：爆炸榴弹对颅脑的毁损性大，损伤范围广，颅骨缺损多，颅底易骨折，伤道污染重，合并伤多。

Observation on the craniocerebral injury of sheep by high explosive shell

Objective To observe the characteristics and rules of craniocerebral injury resulting from a high explosive shell to provide the bases for treating explosive injury. Methods A total of 36 sheep were distributed at the distance 6 to 48 m away from the explosive center and the shell was exploded electrically at 7 m above the earth. At the same time, the velocity of fragments and shock wave pressure were determined. Gross and pathological observations were performed after injury. Results Among all sheep with fragment injury, craniocerebral injury was 32%. Their immediate death rate was 75% and all died 6 h later. The incidence rates of penetrating wound and blind wound were 75% and 25% respectively. Pollution of wound track was heavy. The percentage of head lost was 50% in sheep and 50% of injured animal suffered from comminuted fracture of skull base. Bleeding was found extensively on the surface of the cerebrum, even medulla oblongata was involved. Hemorrhage, edema, rupture of small blood vessels and degeneration of neuron were found at the regions 4 cm away from the wound tract with light microscopy. Combined blast injury was found and occurred most often in the abdomen and limbs, both accounting for 62.5%, and combined thoracic injury was the third, up to 50%. All the animals of craniocerebral injury combined with lung blast injury. Conclusion High explosive shells destroy cranium badly and extensively. Many skulls are lost and the cranial base is readily fractured. The wound track is heavily polluted. Combined injury is more often occurred.