干细胞基础研究热点及应用难题

近年来干细胞研究的发展快速、深入,基础和临床应用概念也不断更新。本文就近年来干细胞研究出现的一些热点和新概念,如成体干细胞,干细胞生长的微环境,干细胞增生与分化信号传导通路,诱导多能干细胞,肿瘤干细胞等进行介绍和评述。对干细胞的临床应用进行回顾,探讨未来干细胞从研究到临床应用的可能性。同时,总结干细胞应用中的难题和障碍,如干细胞扩增、特异性分化诱导和伦理学等。虽然我国的干细胞基础研究和临床应用都取得了一定成绩,但由于目前尚无技术标准和相应的管理制度,所以在研究和应用中出现了标准不统一、结果判断欠科学等问题。通过总结既往的经验教训,提出了干细胞研究的科研忠诚和医者仁心的严肃命题,希望我国能够建立起针对干细胞基础研究和临床应用的规范化管理制度,使干细胞研究及由此衍生的干细胞临床应用展现出更加光明的前景。

Hot spots in fundamental stem cell research and their difficulties in application studies

With the rapid and intensive development of stem cell research and continuous progression of fundamental and clinical applications and study concept,several hot spots,related problems,and difficulties have arisen.This paper introduces and comments on several new achievements and concepts in basic stem cell research,such as adult stem cells,the niche for stem cell growth,the signal pathways for stem cell proliferation and differentiation,the induction of multipotent stem cells,and tumor stem cell.Moreover,this study also briefly reviews clinical stem cell research and explores the possibility of further developments in stem cell research in laboratories for their potential clinical applications in the near future.The authors also summarize the difficulties and obstacles in stem cell application,such as stem cell expansion and the specific induction of cell differentiation,as well as the social ethics and moral issues.Although both fundamental research and clinical application have progressed,we do not have a standard management system for stem cell research.Therefore,several problems in the interpretation of results and the establishment of a standardized evaluation for related fundamental research and clinical application.Based on dubious research and events,the authors propose of preservation of integrity in science,humaneness,and righteousness in medicine.We hope that our country will establish a standard management system for fundamental stem cell research and its clinical applications.We believe that stem cell research and its clinical applications are keys to a brilliant future.