| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom;2. Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Gateshead, United Kingdom;3. Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom;4. Clinical Physiology Institute, Consiglio Nazionale dele Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy;5. Queensborough Community College, The City University of New York, Bayside, New York;6. Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy;7. School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York;8. Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands;9. Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom |
| Abstract: | Thyroid hormone (TH) receptors are present in the myocardium and vascular tissue, and minor alterations in TH concentration can affect cardiovascular (CV) physiology. The potential mechanisms that link CV disease with thyroid dysfunction are endothelial dysfunction, changes in blood pressure, myocardial systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and dyslipidemia. In addition, cardiac disease itself may lead to alterations in TH concentrations (notably, low triiodothyronine syndrome) that are associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Experimental data and small clinical trials have suggested a beneficial role of TH in ameliorating CV disease. The aim of this review is to provide clinicians dealing with CV conditions with an overview of the current knowledge of TH perturbations in CV disease. |
