精神分裂症患者认知功能障碍范围和程度研究

目的 了解精神分裂症认知功能障碍的范围和程度,更好地为精神分裂症患者的治疗提供依据。方法 应用韦氏记忆量表（WMS-RC）、中国修订韦氏成人智力量表（WAIS-RC）、数字划销试验（CT）、威斯康星卡片分类测验（WCST）工具,对绍兴市88例精神分裂症患者（病例组）与50例正常健康人（对照组）进行了认知功能的对比研究。结果 两组WMS-RC量表测评显示,再认、再生、1→100、100→1、积累、图片、联想、触摸、理解、背数、总记忆商数11项评分差别有统计学意义（t值分别为2.40,4.66,2.90,3.48,4.03,4.40,2.13,3.01,3.97,2.29,4.87,均P〈0.05）。两组WMS-RC、CT评分显示,病例组语言智商、操作智商、总智商及CT净分值均低于对照组,CT失误率高于对照组,差别均有统计学意义（t值分别为4.79,7.10,9.21,5.48,-6.27,均P〈0.01）。两组WCST评分显示,病例组WCST的总测试次数、持续错误数、随机错误数均高于对照组,正确数和分类数低于正常组,差别均有统计学意义（t值分别为-2.89,-3.62,-2.03,3.28,2.14,均P〈0.05）。结论 精神分裂症患者认知功能障碍确实存在,并以注意、记忆、抽象思维和信息整合为主体。

A Comparison Study on Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Schizophrenia

Objective To explore the extent and severity of cognitive dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia and in order to offer more credible evidence to the treatment of schizophrenia. Methods Eighty-eight patients with schizophrenia and Fifty healthy controls in Shaoxing city were measured with Wechsler Memory Scale （WMS-RC）, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale （WAIS-RC）, Cancellation Test （CT） and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test （WCST）. Results There was statistically significant difference between the two groups in visual recognition, visual reproduction, 1→100, 100→1, accumulation, picture remember, associative learning, touch test, logical memory, reciting figure and memory quotient of WMS-RC （t=2.40, 4.66, 2.90, 3.48, 4.03, 4.40, 2.13, 3.01, 3.97, 2.29, 4.87, respectively; P〈0.05）. The verbal quotient, practical quotient, total intelligence quotient of WMS-RC and net scores of CT in patients group were lower than that in control group （t=4.79, 7.10, 9.21, 5.48, respectively; P〈0.01） and the erroneous rate of CT was higher in patients group than in control group （t=-6.27, P〈0.01）. The total trials, perseverate errors and random errors of WCST were significantly higher （t=-2.89, -3.62, -2.03, respectively; P〈0.05） and the correct completes, categories completes were lower in patients group than in control group （t=3.28, 2.14, respectively; P〈0.05）. Conclusions It is sure that cognitive function is markedly impaired in most schizophrenia, especially in attention, memory, abilities of abstract thought and information integration. To study cognitive dysfunction would be helpful to choose comprehensive treatments and interventions for schizophrenia.