意外伤害对5岁以下儿童死亡的影响及干预探讨

目的探讨意外伤害对丽水市5岁以下儿童死亡的影响及其有效干预措施。方法对2003年10月1日至2010年9月30日期间全市359例5岁以下儿童意外伤害死亡资料进行统计分析。结果 7年间5岁以下小儿意外伤害平均死亡率为2.32‰,占总5岁以下儿童死亡的20.34%,意外死亡率从2004年的2.36‰降至2010年的1.83‰,但其死亡构成比从2004年的16.62%上升至2010年的20.22%(P>0.05)。农村意外死亡率、死亡构成比均高于城镇(P<0.01);男童意外死亡率、死亡构成比均高于女童(P<0.05)。意外死亡的前三位死因是意外窒息、溺水、交通意外。意外死亡1岁内占35.65%,1岁组占20.61%,2岁组占17.27%,3岁组占13.93%,4岁组占12.53%,其中意外窒息死亡集中于1岁以内婴儿,溺水、交通意外以1岁以上儿童为主。结论意外伤害是造成丽水市5岁以下儿童死亡的主要死因之一。应采取综合预防措施,有效降低5岁以下儿童死亡率。

Accidental death in infants and young children in Lishui,Zhejiang

Objective To explore the characteristics of accidental death in infants and children under 5 years of age.Methods A total of 359 accidental death cases occurred between Oct 1st,2003 and Sep 30th,2010,in infants and children under 5 years of age in Lishui,Zhejiang.The data of accidents were collected and investigated.Results Accidental death accounted for 20.34% of all death cases for the population.The rate of annual accidental death was 2.32‰ on average,which decreased from 2.36‰ in 2004 to 1.83‰ in 2010.However,the proportion of accidental death increased from 16.62% to 20.22% during the period.The incidence and mortality rates of accidental injuries were slightly higher in rural areas than in urban areas（P0.01）.The mortality rate of accidental injuries was higher in boys（12.22‰） than in girls（10.54‰）（P0.01）.The three leading causes of injury death were accidental suffocation,drowning and traffic accident.Of the accidental death cases in infants and children under 5 years of age,35.65% were under one year of age,20.61% aged 1 year,17.27% aged 2 years,13.93% aged 3 years and 12.53% aged 4 years.Accidental suffocation was the major cause of accidental death in infants,while drowning and traffic accidents were the leading causes of accidental death in children between one and five years old.Conclusion Accidental injuries are major causes for the death of children under 5 years of age in Lishui,Zhejiang.Effective prevention measures should be taken to reduce accident injuries in children,especially for accidental suffocation,drowning and traffic accident related death.