Neighborhoods and racial/ethnic differences in ideal cardiovascular health (the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of California Berkeley, School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, 101 Haviland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-7358, United States;2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop F77, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States;3. University of California Berkley School of Public Health, Division of Biostatistics, 101 Haviland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-7358, United States;4. Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine – Epidemiology, 680 N Lake Shore Dr., Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, United States;5. University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, 200 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite, C365, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States;6. Drexel University School of Public Health, Dean''s Office, 3215 Market St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States;1. Dept of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden;2. Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany;1. Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA;2. Department of Family and Consumer Studies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA;3. Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA;1. Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley;2. Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley;3. Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada;5. Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, and the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA;6. Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento;7. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA;1. Center for Healthcare Advancement & Outcomes, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL;2. Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health, Florida International University, Miami, FL;3. Department of Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL;4. Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL;5. The Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT;6. Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX;7. Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Heart Disease, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD;8. Miami Cardiac and Vascular Institute, Miami, FL;1. Berkeley Energy and Climate Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 4th Floor, 488 Sutardja Dai Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;2. Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 285 University Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;3. Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall #7360, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;2. Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois;3. School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California |
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| Abstract: | Using data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis baseline sample from 2000 to 2002 (N=5263; mean age=62) we examined cross-sectional racial/ethnic differences in ideal CVH, defined by the American Heart Association 2020 Impact Goals as a summary measure of ideal levels of blood pressure, fasting glucose, cholesterol, body mass index, diet, physical activity, and smoking. Using three different analytical approaches, we examined differences before and after adjustment for neighborhood socioeconomic, physical, and social environments. Significant racial/ethnic differences were present for all indicators of ideal CVH (excluding physical activity). Additional adjustments for neighborhood factors produced modest reductions in racial/ethnic differences. Future research is necessary to better understand the impact of neighborhood context on health disparities using longitudinal study designs. |
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| Keywords: | Racial/ethnic health disparities Neighborhood environments Cardiovascular health |
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