有机溶剂作业工人的职业体验及影响因素

目的:研究有机溶剂作业工人的职业体验及其影响因素,探讨此类作业工人的职业适应度,为制定相应管理对策,充分提高生产效率提供科学依据。方法:应用系统化职业心理测验工具对有机溶剂作业工人的职业体验,包括职业满意度和工作生活质量进行调查和分析。结果:有机溶剂作业工人职业满意度和工作生活质量均显著低于对照组(P <0 0 1)。不同工龄的有机溶剂作业工人中工龄<1 0年的职业满意度和生活质量均低于工龄≥1 0年者,但仅职业满意度两组间差异有显著性(P <0 0 1) ;鞋厂、玩具厂、电子厂工人的职业满意度和工作生活质量均显著低于对照组(P <0 0 1) ,除玩具厂工人职业满意度显著低于鞋厂工人外(P <0 0 1) ,3个厂工人的职业体验差异无显著性(P >0 0 5 )。回归分析显示正已烷、苯、甲苯等为有机溶剂作业工人的职业体验的主要影响因素。结论:有机溶剂作业工人的职业体验较差,有机溶剂混合物对作业工人的职业体验有一定的影响。建议改善有机溶剂作业工人的工作环境,积极开展健康教育和提供必要的心理咨询,以保证工人身心健康。

STUDY OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF WORKERS EPOSED TO ORGANIC SOLVENTS AND ITS EFFECTIVE FACTORS

Objective:To study occupational experience of 537 workers exposed to organic solvents and its effective factors,and to investigate their occupational adaptability,provide scientific manage policy and increase their working efficiency.Methods:Occupational satisfaction and work quality life of workers exposed to organic solvents were analyzed by using the Occupational Psychological Test(OPT).Results:The results showed that the occupational satisfaction and work life quality of the workers exposed to organic solvents were obviously decreased(P<0.01).The occupational satisfaction and work life quality of workers with working length less than 1.0 year (included 1.0 year) were lower than that of them more than 1.0 year, only the scores of occupational satisfaction had significant difference(P<0.01).The occupational satisfaction and work life quality of shoe factory, toy factory and electronic factory workers were decreased(P<0.01); but the scores of them had no significant difference (P>0.05) except that the scores of occupational satisfaction of toy factory workers were significant lower that that of shoe factory workers(P<0.01). The multiple regression analysis showed that n-hexane benzene and toulene were the main factors which affected the scores of workers' occupational experience.Conclusion:The results suggested that the occupational experience of workers exposed to organic solvents were not good. and the mixtures of organic solvents may have made negative effects on the occupational experience of them. It suggested that the working environment should be developed. Health education and mental health consulting were necessary to make them healthy both in body and mind.