乳腺增生病、乳腺纤维瘤及乳腺癌患者的心理健康状况及其与人格特质的关系

目的 了解乳腺增生病、乳腺纤维瘤、乳腺癌患者的心理健康状况, 探讨乳腺疾病的发生与抑郁焦虑及人格特质的关系.方法 选取2017年78月云南省肿瘤医院乳腺外科740名乳腺疾病患者及112名正常体检者进行问卷调查, 调查工具包括:一般情况调查表、健康问卷抑郁症状群量表 (PHQ-9) 、广泛性焦虑量表 (GAD-7) 、大五人格量表 (NEO) .结果 (1) 乳腺增生组中抑郁状态检出率为34.3%, 焦虑状态检出率为38.3%;乳腺纤维瘤组中抑郁状态检出率为47.4%, 焦虑状态检出率为59%;乳腺癌患者组中抑郁状态检出率为44.6%, 焦虑状态检出率为31.5%.两两比较显示, 乳腺纤维瘤组抑郁、焦虑状态显著高于正常体检组 (t=16.533, P<0.01;t=18.693, P<0.01) 及乳腺增生组 (t=9.367, P<0.01;t=22.702, P<0.01) , 乳腺癌组抑郁状态显著高于正常体检组 (t=12.332, P<0.05) , 其焦虑状态显著低于乳腺增生组 (t=10.052, P<0.01) ; (2) 4组被试者在轻度、中度、重度、极重度的抑郁得分及焦虑得分差异无统计学意义 (P>0.05) ; (3) 正常体检组, 乳腺增生组、乳腺纤维瘤组、乳腺癌组之间NEO量表总分及各因子的协方差分析差异无统计学意义 (P>0.05) ; (4) 乳腺疾病患者抑郁及焦虑总分与神经质呈现显著正相关 (P<0.05) , 与开放性、顺同性、严谨性呈现显著负相关 (P<0.05) .结论 乳腺疾病患者普遍存在一定的抑郁焦虑状态, 不同的人格特质会影响心理健康状况, 神经质人格者需要加强心理干预.

Correlations of Psychological Health Status and Personality Traits in Patients with Breast Hyperplasia,Breast Fibroma or Breast Cancer

Objective To investigate the psychological health status of the patients with breast hyperplasia, breast fibnoma or breast cancer and to explore the correlations of those breast diseases with the personnality traits and depression and anxiety status of the patients. Methods From July 2017 to August2017, 740 patients with breast diseases and 112 healthy people were randomly selected in the third affiliated hospital of Kunming Medical University. 9-item patient health questionnaire scale (PHQ-9) , 7-item generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) , and neuroticism extraversion openness scale (NEO) were employed to measure their psychological health status.Results (1) The detection rate of depression and anxiety accounted for 34.3% and 38.3% in the patients with breast hyperplasia, 47.4% and 59% in the patients with breast fibnorma and 44.6% and 31.5% in the patients with breast cancer respectively. Depression and anxiety status of the patients with breast fibroma was significantly higher than that of healthy people (t=16.533, P<0.01;t=18.693, P<0.01) and that of patients with breast hyperplasia (t=9.367, P<0.01;t=22.702, P<0.01) . The depression status of the patients with breast cancer was significantly higher than that of the healthy people (t=12.332, P<0.05) while the anxiety status of the patients with breast cancer was significantly lower than that of the patients with breast hyperplasia (t=10.052, P<0.01) . (2) There was no significant difference in the score of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 among the four groups (P>0.05) . (3) There was no significant difference in the score of NEO among the four groups (P >0.05) . (4) Pearson correlation analysis showed that the scores of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 in the patients with breast diseases were in significant positive correlation with neuroticism factors and in significant negative correlation with openness factors, agreeableness factors and conscientiousness factors (P<0.05) . Conclusion Patients with breast diseases are commonly in poor psychological health status, especially with depression and anxiety status which is affected by different personality characteristics. The patients with neuroticism need more psychological intervention.