糖尿病视网膜病变危险因素与预防研究进展

糖尿病视网膜病变（diabetic retinopathy，DR）是糖尿病（diabetes mellitus，DM）的常见慢性并发症之一，属于微血管病变，是工作人群及中老年人视力减退甚至导致失明的主要原因。1/3~1/2的糖尿病患者同时伴有视网膜病变，DR与糖尿病病程、高血糖、高血压及高血脂等危险因素均密切相关。个体血糖和血压的最优控制仍然是预防DR发生和阻止病变进展的基石，抗血管内皮因子治疗被认为是目前最有效的糖尿病性黄斑水肿的治疗方案。这些有效的防治手段，患者及医生意识的提高，定期筛查DR，将有效改善DR患者的预后，减少因DR导致失明患者的人数，进一步提高患者的生存质量。

The research progress of risk factors and prevention in diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy （DR） is one of the common chronic complications of diabetes mellitus （DM）.It belongs to microangiopathy and it is the leading cause of vision loss and even blindness in the working population and middle-aged and elderly people.About one-third to one-half of the diabetic patients was accompanied by retinopathy.DR is closely linked to the risk factors such as diabetic duration，hyperglycemia，hypertension，and hyperlipidemia and so on.The optimal control of individual blood glucose and blood pressure remains the cornerstone for preventing the development of DR and preventing the progression of the disease.Anti-vascular endothelium treatment is considered to be the most effective treatment for diabetic macular edema.These effective methods of prevention，improvement of patient and doctor awareness，and regular screening of DR will effectively improve the prognosis of patients with DR，reduce the number of patients with blindness caused by DR，and further improve the quality of life of patients.