2015年哈尔滨市大学新生风疹抗体水平调查

目的 了解2015年哈尔滨市大学新生风疹抗体水平,为制定哈尔滨市风疹防控策略提供依据。方法 采用多阶段随机抽样方法。在哈尔滨市南岗区、香坊区和呼兰区3个区开展监测工作,每个区抽取3所高校、共计9所高校作为本次调查的监测点。应用酶联免疫法对在9所高校随机抽取1 089名大学新生的血清风疹IgG抗体进行检测,将不同年龄、性别、生源地、免疫史学生的风疹抗体进行比较。结果 1 089名大学新生中,风疹抗体阳性率为83.01%;男性风疹抗体阳性率为82.60%,女性风疹抗体阳性率为83.39%,差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.12,P>0.05);有风疹疫苗免疫史的调查对象风疹抗体阳性率为85.27%,无疫苗免疫史的调查对象风疹抗体阳性率为76.47%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=10.94,P=0.001);各年龄组间以23~25岁大学新生风疹抗体阳性率最低为45%(χ²=29.37,P＜0.001)。不同生源地本省风疹抗体阳性率低于外省(χ²=5.10,P=0.024)。不同民族、学校、既往是否患风疹其风疹抗体阳性率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论 2015年哈尔滨市大学新生风疹抗体阳性率整体较高,但大年龄人群仍具罹患风疹的风险;应开展针对大年龄人群,特别是育龄期女性的风疹疫苗的补充免疫工作。

Levels of rubella antibody among freshmen in Harbin City, 2015

Objective To investigate the rubella antibody levels of freshmen in Harbin City in 2015, and to provide a basis for developing rubella prevention and control strategies. Methods Multi-stage random sampling method was used to select 9 universities from Nangang District, Xiangfang District and Hulan District (each n=3) in Harbin City to serve as the monitored sites. ELISA was used for detection of rubella-specific immunoglobulin (IgG) antibody in serum among 1,089 freshmen in the 9 universities, and the rubella antibody levels of freshmen with different ages, gender, place of birth and history of immunization against rubella (HIAR) were compared.Results The antibody positive rate of rubella in the 1,089 freshmen was 83.01%. No statistically significant difference was found in the antibody positive rate of rubella between males and females (82.60% vs. 83.39%, χ²=0.12, P>0.05) as well as between freshmen with HIAR and ones without HIAR (85.27% vs. 76.47%, χ²=10.94,P=0.001). The antibody positive rate of rubella was found to be the lowest (45%) in the group aged 23-25 years (χ²=29.37, P<0.001). The antibody positive rate of rubella was lower in the freshmen from Heilongjiang Province than ones from other provinces (χ²=5.10, P=0.024). There were no statistically significant differences in the antibody positive rate of rubella among freshmen with different ethnic groups, universities and history of suffering from rubella (all P>0.05). Conclusions The overall antibody positive rate of rubella in the freshmen in Harbin City in 2015 was relatively high, but the elders were still at risk of developing rubella. It is necessary to conduct rubella supplementary immunization activities in the elder population, especially in the women of childbearing age.