陕西省燃煤型氟中毒病区及改炉灶进展调查

目的 了解陕西省燃煤型氟中毒病区的分布，掌握改炉灶降氟进度，为氟中毒病区制定改炉灶规划提供依据。方法 对陕西省燃用石煤区的8～12岁儿童进行氟斑牙检查，按氟斑牙患病率进行病区划分，同时登记病区改炉灶进展情况。结果 在2市9个县(区)124个乡镇1666个村，划分出病区村1309个，受危害25．06万户、97．79万人。目前已经改炉灶3．48万户，受益13．75万人，尚有21．58万户、84．04万人急需改炉灶。燃用石煤的病区人口以每年10％的速度递增，改炉灶率仅为13．90％，低于全国平均水平。结论 由于退耕还林政策的实施，中、高山区居民逐渐下迁，病区范围继续扩大，仍要维持一定时间。居民燃料结构逐渐向多元化发展，清洁燃料和低氟煤炭的输入，将会为综合治理提供有利条件。建立可持续发展的销售服务、技术指导网络迫在眉睫。

Investigation of endemic fluorosis in coal-burning pollution areas in Shaanxi Province

Objective To understand the distributions of endemic fluorosis in coal burning pollution areas and remodel the ovens to reduce the emission of fluoride, and to offer data for the project of the genevalized improvement.Methods 8~12 years old children with dental fluorosis were investigated and the state of oven improvement were registered.Results Among 1 666 villages in 124 towns in 9 counties,1 309 villages were regions with endemic fluorosis caused by coal burning pollution.The sufferers were 250.6 thousands families,977.9 thousands persons. 34.8 thousands households, 137.5 thousands persons had benefitted from the improved ovens. There were 215.8 thousands households including 840.4 thousands persons whose ovens needed to be improved.The cases in coal burning pollution areas were increasing by 10%. The rate of remodeled ovens was only 13.90 %, which the rate of improved ovens was lower than the level in the whole country.Conclusions Besides persevering in remodeling ovens,using no pollution fuels or lower fluoride coals as alternative methods provide good prospects in control disease. The guidance of the related technology and fuel sale net work should be established immediately.