儿童肾母细胞瘤的CT诊断和鉴别诊断

目的探讨CT在小儿肾母细胞瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断中的作用。方法回顾性分析经临床及病理证实的小儿肾母细胞瘤45例，肾透明细胞癌2例，肾横纹肌肉瘤1例。结合手术病理，了解其在CT上的表现特点。结果肾母细胞瘤表现为实性肿块34例（76%）、囊实性9例（20%）、囊性2例（4%）。肿瘤实质及囊壁有明显强化。7例（15.6%）肾或腔静脉内有癌栓形成。肾细胞癌表现与肾母细胞瘤相似。肾横纹肌肉瘤表现为肾中心囊实性肿块，内有线状钙化，有肾包膜下积液。结论肾母细胞瘤在恶性肾脏肿瘤中最常见，好发于肾实质，易侵犯肾盂肾盏，肿瘤常伴有出血、坏死、囊变，影像学上与肾细胞瘤很难鉴别。肾横纹肌肉瘤常好发于肾中心，包绕于瘤叶的线状钙化及包膜下积液为其特点。

CT Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Wilms

Objective　To investigate the importance of CT diagnosis and differential diagnosis in Wilms′ tumors of children.Methods　45 cases of Wilms′ tumors confirmed by clinical and pathology were retrospectively analyzed,CT characteristics of Wilms′ tumor,renal carcinoma(2 cases),renal rhabdomyosarcoma(1 case)in children were discussed.Results　Wilms' tumors appeared in solid masses in 34 cases (76%),cysticsolid masses in 9 cases(20%),cystic masses in 2 cases (4%),7 cases (15.6%)had thrombosis in renal vein or IVC.Renal carcinoma shared the same appearance with Wilms′ tumor in image.Rhabdoid tumor of kidney appeard as cystic-solid mass with lineal calcification and subcapsular fluid accumulation.Conclusion　Wilms′ tumor is the most popular malignant renal tumors in children.It is originate from renal parenchyma,and likely to invade renal pelvis.Hemorrhhage,necrosis or cystic formation in tumor is common.They are difficult to be distinguished from renal cell carcinomas in radiology.Rhabdoid tumor of kidney is rare and has characteristic features on CT.