Mechanotransduction of bone cells<Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis>: Mechanobiology of bone tissue |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">M?MullenderEmail author A?J?El?Haj Y?Yang M?A?van?Duin E?H?Burger J?Klein-Nulend |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center of Dentistry Amsterdam, ACTA-Vrije Universiteit, The Netherlands;(2) Centre for Science & Technology in Medicine, Keele University Medical School, Stoke-on-Trent, UK |
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Abstract: | Mechanical force plays an important role in the regulation of bone remodelling in intact bone and bone repair. In vitro, bone
cells demonstrate a high responsiveness to mechanical stimuli. Much debate exists regarding the critical components in the
load profile and whether different components, such as fluid shear, tension or compression, can influence cells in differing
ways. During dynamic loading of intact bone, fluid is pressed through the osteocyte canaliculi, and it has been demonstrated
that fluid shear stress stimulates osteocytes to produce signalling molecules. It is less clear how mechanical loads act on
mature osteoblasts present on the surface of cancellous or trabecular bone. Although tissue strain and fluid shear stress
both cause cell deformation, these stimuli could excite different signalling pathways. This is confirmed by our experimental
findings, in human bone cells, that strain applied through the substrate and fluid flow stimulate the release of signalling
molecules to varying extents. Nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 values increased by between two- and nine-fold after treatment with pulsating fluid flow (0.6±0.3 Pa). Cyclic strain (1000
μstrain) stimulated the release of nitric oxide two-fold, but had no effect on prostaglandin E2. Furthermore, substrate strains enhanced the bone matrix protein collagen I two-fold, whereas fluid shear caused a 50% reduction
in collagen I. The relevance of these variations is discussed in relation to bone growth and remodelling. In applications
such as tissue engineering, both stimuli offer possibilities for enhancing bone cell growth in vitro. |
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Keywords: | Mechanotransduction Osteocytes Adaptive remodelling Bone cells Fluid shear stress Cell strain |
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