医学院校新生健康危险行为与感觉寻求人格特征的相关研究

目的 了解医学院校大一新生健康危险行为的现状,探讨健康危险行为与感觉寻求、艾森克人格特征的关系.方法 采用中国版感觉寻求问卷、艾森克人格问卷和青少年健康危险行为调查问卷,对医学院校384名大一新生进行随机整群抽样调查.结果 ①大一新生普遍存在一定程度的健康危险行为,吸烟、饮酒报告率(5.2％、48.2％)稍低于国内外研究报告,且存在显著性别差异,男生的危险行为明显高于女生(P＜0.05)；②有吸烟、饮酒、曾经打架、有自杀意念、上网时间过长、不良饮食行为、缺乏体育锻炼等健康危险行为者在感觉寻求水平及艾森克人格的N、P维度上大都存在显著差异,有健康危险行为组的得分高于没有以上健康危险行为组如吸烟组感觉寻求得分(66.78±10.29)分高于未吸烟组(60.57±9.09)分,t=2.54,P＜0.01；艾森克P分值(7.11±3.23)分高于(5.33±2.89)分,t=2.81,P＜0.05]；③进一步Logistic回归分析显示:男生、母亲文化程度高、感觉寻求水平高、艾森克的P、N维度即精神质、神经质得分高是大一新生健康危险行为的有效预测因素.结论 感觉寻求水平越高,艾森克人格特征中的精神质、神经质越高,越容易发生健康危险行为.

Research on the relationship between sensation seeking, personality charateristic and health-risk behaviors of medical freshmen

Objective To study the relationship between sensation seeking,personality characteristics and health-risk behaviors of medical freshmen.Methods Sensation Seeking Scale ( SSS),Eysenck Personality Questionnaire( EPQ),Adolescent Health-Risk Behaviors Questionnaire were applied in this survey to 384 freshmen from two medical colleges.Results ① The health risk behaviors were comnmon in the medical college freshmen (5.2％,48.2％ ),and the score of health risk behaviors had a significant difference between boys and girls,boys risk behaviors were much more than girls(P＜ 0.05 ).②The correlations between the risk behaviors (such as smoking,drinking,fighting,suicidal ideas,using internet too long,poor eating behavior,lack of physical exercise) and sensation seeking personality traits were strong.The health-risk behaviors were all correlated with extraversion(E)and neuroticism (N) significantly( 66.78 ± 10.29 vs 60.57 ± 9.09,t =2.54,P ＜ 0.01 ;7.11 ± 3.23 vs 5.33 ±2.89,t =2.81,P ＜ 0.05 ).③The results of logistic regression analysis showed that male mother' s high education level,sensation seeking,Eysenck' s P,N dimension were effective prediction factors of freshmen ' s health-risk behaviors.Conclusion Medical college freshmen who have higher levels of sensation seeking,Eysenck' s P,N dimension are more prone to health risk behaviors.