1960～2005年军事飞行人员屈光不正构成变化的分析

目的探讨不同年代因屈光不正住院的飞行人员的屈光分布及患病的危险因素。方法对151例因屈光不正住院的飞行人员进行回顾性临床分析。对各种屈光类型不同年代的构成进行比较。结果20世纪60～90年代及2000～2005年近视类屈光不正患病人数分别为7、18、23、29和26人，其中不同年代单纯近视分别占同年代屈光不正眼数的8．47％、4．48％、22．22％、30．43％和42．42％，趋势X^2值为25．86（P〈0．01）；远视类屈光不正分别为40、40、34、10和1人，不同年代远视分别占同年代屈光不正眼数的67．80％、59．70％、53．97％、21．74％和3．03％，趋势X^2值为26．15（P〈0．01）。结论随着年代的推移，远视类屈光不正的发病呈下降趋势，单纯近视类屈光不正则呈增加趋势。飞行人员迟发性近视应予重视。

Analysis of the change of ametropia constituent in hospitalized military aviators in different decades during 1960～2005

Objective To investigate the change of ametropia constituent in hospitalized military aviators in different decades during 1960~2005.Methods Medical file of aviator cases(n=151) hospitalized due to ametropia during the period of 1960~2005 were reviewed.The distributions of various types of ametropia in different decades were counted up and compared.Results The number of myopia cases hospitalized during 1960~1969,1970~1979,1980~1989,1990~1999,2000~2005 was 7,18,23,29,26 respectively,chi-square test for trend is 25.86(P<0.01),the ratio of myopia/ ametropia was 8.47%,4.48%,22.22%,30.43%,42.42% respectively;while the number of hyperopia cases was 40,40,34,10 and 1 respectively,the ratio of hypermetropia/ametropia was 67.80%,59.70%,53.97%,21.74%,3.03%,chi-square test for trend was 26.15(P<0.01).(Conclusions) Along with the elapse of time and improvement of selection of student pilots,the incidence hyperopia inaviator was decreasing while incidence of myopia was increasing.Attention should be paid to adult late-onset myopia in aviators.