正中神经与肌皮神经的交通支及其临床意义

目的观察正中神经与肌皮神经之间的交通支，探讨其临床意义。方法对72侧防腐固定尸体解剖，对正中神经、肌皮神经之间的交通支进行测量与观察，并对不同类型交通支的结果进行比较。结果13人，16侧肢体存在18支交通支，出现率22．2％，男性与女性相比出现率高且差异显著，左右肢体的出现率无显著差异。其中肌皮神经从正中神经低位发出的有2支，正中神经-肌皮神经的交通支（Ⅰ型）与肌皮神经-正中神经的交通支（Ⅱ型）相比起、止点低，交通支较长，但直径细（Ⅰ型14．2～23．0cm，止点为11．0～21．5cm，长度为2．5～10．7cm，直径为0．55～2．15mm；Ⅱ型起点为0～17．ocm，止点为12．0～24．0cm，长度为1．9～8．4cm，直径为0．76～2．60mm）但两者差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论正中神经与肌皮神经之间存在着交通支，并起着一定的功能，手术时应注意加以保护，避免损伤。

An anatomical study of communicating branches between median nerve and muscularcutaneous nerve

Objective To study the morphological features of the communicating branches between median nerve and muscularcutaneous nerve. Methods Seventy-two upper extremities of fixed human cadavers were dissected. The communicating branches between median nerve and muscularcutaneous nerve were observed. Results The communicating branches between median nerve and muscularcutaneous nerve occurred in 16 specimens (22.2%). The branches were often in single side of extremities and had no relationship to side of extremities. There were more communicating branches in males than in females (P<0.01). The communicating branches were divided into two types: type I was from median nerve to muscularcutaneous nerve,and type II was from muscularcutanous nerve to median nerve. The o-rigins of the branches,the points of branches entering the muscle,the length of the branches,and the diameter of the branches were all measured. The origins of the branches were at 14.2-23.0 cm (type I ) and 0-17.0 cm (type II ) below coracoid process, the points of branches entering the muscle were at 11.0-21.5 cm (type I ) and 12.0-24.0 cm (type II ) below coracoid process,the length of branches were 2.5-10.7 cm (type I ) and 1.9-8.4 cm (type II ),and the diameters of branches were 0.55-2.15 mm and 0.76-2.60 mm,respectively.But there was no significant difference between two types.Conclusion There are communicating branches between median nerve and muscularcutaneous nerve. These branches have functions of sense and motor and should be avoided to be injured during the surgery.