颞骨岩尖部及其邻近结构的应用解剖学研究

目的 观测颅底外岩尖部的解剖结构，为颅脑外科、耳鼻喉科等颅底手术提供解剖学依据。方法 采用游标卡尺和厚度测量仪，观测100侧成人颅骨标本，观察63侧颞骨颈动脉管在岩尖部走行、位置及骨质结构特点。结果 岩尖部外面境界距离均数分别为：内侧缘左0．68cm，右0．73cm；外侧缘左1．46cm，右1．41cm；前缘左1．08cm，右2．18cm；后缘左0．68cm，右0．73cm；测量了颈动脉管在岩尖部骨质内的有关数据；观察了岩尖部骨质结构特征并按气化程度进行分型。结论颈动脉管在岩尖部走行位置偏前靠上，上壁最薄，下壁厚度变异大；岩尖部骨质以硬化型居多，占42％。

Applied anatomical study on the petrosal apex of temporal bone and its nearby structure

Objective To observe the anatomical structure of the petrosal apex of temporal bone at the base of skull and to be served for cerebral surgery or otolaryngology. Methods Fifty adults(100 sides) skulls were measured by slide gaud, and observed course, situation and structure character of carotid canal in petrosal apex of temporal bone in 63 sides. Results The various distance of external petrosal apex boundary showed as follow: internal left margin was 0.68 cm, right was 0.73 cm; external left margin was 1.46 cm, right was 1.41 cm, anterior left border was 1.08 cm, right was 2.18 cm; posterior left border was 0.68 cm, right was 0.73 cm. In addition, the bury data of carotid canal in petrosal apex were measured, and the structure characters of the petrosal apex were observed and typed by the degree of gasification. Conclusion The course of carotid canal in petrosal apex near the superior and anterior, the superior wall is thinnest, and the inferior is various; about 42% of the petrosal apex of temporal bones are constructive type.