HIV HCV和HBV核酸检测技术及策略在血筛应用中的研究进展

人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)和丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)是输血传播疾病的主要病原体。为防止因输血引起的HIV、HBV及HCV传播,国内外已有大量针对献血者血液筛查方法的研究。如抗原和/或抗体的酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),经过多年研究和应用成效显著。为降低"窗口期"导致的疾病传播,核酸检测(NAT)技术也不断地发展,同时血清学检测(SS)与NAT的互补和联合应用,形成了不同的血筛检测策略。同时,基于纳米材料的微流控技术对病原体多元快速检测,以及聚合酶链反应-酶联免疫吸附(PCR-ELISA)技术等新技术的不断探索研究,将会为血液筛查技术开辟新的途径。文章综述了血液中HIV、HBV和HCV的检测在血筛应用中的研究进展。

Blood screening technology and strategy for HIV,HBV and HCV

HIV,HBV and HCV are major pathogens in diseases transmitted via blood transfusion.To protect people from being infected by HIV,HBV and HCV during transfusion,a series of technology and strategy for HIV、HBV and HCV have been studied and applied for blood screening methods..Enzyme-linked immunosorbent detection(ELISA) is the main way of blood screening which detects the antigen and antibody in blood and has been a great achievement in the control of disease transmission.In order to decrease the disease transmission due to the "window period".nuclear acid testing(NAT),as a new way to detect pathogens,has been gradually applied in the blood screening.The combination of ELISA with NAT has formed the strategy in blood screening.However,new technological methods for pathogen detection,including fast multiplex-pathogens detection based on microfluidic chips and nano-material,and PCR-ELISA are being explored to be developed for blood screening.This article reviews the progress of technology and strategy used in blood screening for HIV,HBV and HCV.