硬核白内障改良囊外摘除术

目的: 评价对硬核(Ⅳ+/Ⅴ)白内障采用囊外摘除法(extracapsular cataract extractcion,ECCE)的优点,探讨术中应用前囊连续环行撕囊(continuous circular capsularhexis,CCC)后的娩核方法。方法: 角膜缘外2 mm做一长7~8 mm巩膜隧道切口,行CCC直径为6~7 mm,以"T"型晶体调位钩及自制撕囊针相互配合,将直径9 mm左右的晶体核旋转脱位入前房,圈套器套核,囊袋内植入人工晶体。结果: 49眼中46眼撕囊口娩核后仍平滑连续完整,囊袋内植入人工晶体;3眼发生前囊膜放射状撕裂并延至后囊,只有1眼高度近视未植入人工晶体,另外2眼仍囊袋内植入晶体。术后第1天49眼角膜全部清亮,瞳孔圆,光反应正常。术后一周裸眼视力≥0.5者43眼(87.8%)。结论: 对于硬核白内障,传统ECCE仍有意义,CCC克服了开罐式截囊的缺陷,改进的娩核方法保持了撕囊口的平滑连续性,从而确保了囊袋内植入人工晶体,使其效果与超声乳化吸除术(phacomulsification,PHACO)更接近,而器械投资少,适合在基层医院推广。

Continuous circular capsulorhexis and extracapsular cataract extraction in sclerotic nucleus cataract

Objective: This study was designed to characterize the ultrastructure of the coccoid Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) forms in the tissues of carcinoma.Methods: Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) technique was used to examine the structure of coccoid H. pylori in 4 cases of gastric carcinoma and 2 cases of esophageal carcinoma.Results: It was found that the coccoid H. pylori were scattered in cancer nest and cancer interspace,some of which enterded cancer cells,macrophages and other cells.The coccoid H. pylori appeared to be similar to the L-forms of other bacteria with varying cell shape and size,different cytoplasmic electron densities and defects in cell wall.Two types of coccoid H. pylori could be distinguished in the tissues of carcinoma by TEM.Type A was smaller with higher electron density in the cytoplasma,and flagellation on the cell membrane,suggesting that it could be viable.However,the type B was larger with lower electron density in the cytoplasma,and no flagellation on the cell membrane,suggesting that it could be a degenerative form.Conclusions: The coccoid forms of H.pulori still have certain degree of viability,thus they may play an important role in the transmission of H. pylori,the relapse of H. pylori related disease after treatment and the development of the related carcinoma.