Brachycephalic anaesthesia,part 1: the pre-anaesthetic period

Abstract

This article intends to highlight the many complications that can arise during the pre-anaesthesic period with brachycephalic breeds , and address how to mitigate some of the risks. This first article will deal with the pre-anaesthetic stage discussing anatomy, admitting the brachycephalic patient and pre-anaesthetic checks, whilst a subsequent article will address the recovery period.