Alcohol consumption and risk of cancer in humans: An overview |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Republic of Korea;2. Clinical Trial Center, Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Republic of Korea;3. Biomaterials Research Institute, Sahmyook University, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Food & Nutrition, Research Center for Human Ecology, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea;5. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;1. Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee;2. Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee;1. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japan Community Health Care Organization Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan;2. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Japan Community Health Care Organization Kyushu Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan;1. Department of Urology, Tokyo Women׳s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan;2. Department of Urology, Toda Chuo General Hospital, Saitama, Japan;1. Department of Uro-Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan;2. Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan;3. Department of Urology, Saiseikai Central Hospital, Tokyo, Japan;4. Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan;5. Department of Urology, Ichikawa General Hospital, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa, Japan;6. Department of Urology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan;7. Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan;8. Department of Urology, National Hospital Organization Saitama Hospital, Wako, Japan;9. Department of Urology, Saitama City Hospital, Saitama, Japan;1. University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Department of Nursing, Ulsan, Korea;2. University of Kentucky, College of Nursing, Lexington, KY, USA;3. Severance Hospital, Cardiology Division, Yonsei Cardiovascular Center and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Seoul, Korea;4. University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
Recent epidemiologic data continue to support alcoholic beverage consumption as a cause of cancer of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and liver. The effect of a given alcohol intake on absolute risk of these cancers depends on the prevalence of other risk factors. Whether alcoholic beverage consumption is a cause of cancer of the breast or large bowel is unclear. Alcohol intake appears not to increase risk of cancer of the lung, bladder, prostate, stomach, ovary, endometrium, or of melanoma. Indirect epiidemiologic evidence suggests that alcohol may be a weak causal factor for pancreatic cancer. Additional research is needed to determine whether middle-aged women who drink moderately may experience a slight increase in longevity if they decrease alcohol intake. A number of biologically plausible mechanisms exist by which alcohol may cause cancer. |
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