安徽省5岁以下儿童营养监测分析

目的研究5岁以下儿童营养状况，为制定相关干预措施提供依据。方法选择1个城市监测点和1个农村监测点，每个监测点抽取5岁以下儿童600名及其母亲。调查内容包括儿童健康与膳食调查、母亲健康调查及家庭调查3部分。结果我省婴儿出生体重为3312±475g，低出生体重率为3．7％，农村高于城市；5岁以下儿童生长发育迟缓患病率为4．1％，农村高于城市（5．2％〉3．1％）；5岁以下儿童低体重患病率为2．3％，农村高于城市（2．5％〉2．1％）；儿童呼吸系统两周患病率城市高于农村（38．4％〉34．8％），儿童腹泻两周患病率农村高于城市（12．0％〉8．9％）；农村点婴儿纯母乳喂养率要高于城市点（63．4％〉55．8％）；城乡2岁以下儿童辅食添加行为得到了明显改善；城乡儿童贫血患病率分别为11．2％和10．1％；城市点有14．6％的母亲体重过低，高于农村点11．5％；城乡母亲贫血患病率分别为14．6％和17．7％。结论农村儿童的营养健康状况低于城市儿童，这在一定程度上与其母亲的健康状况、受教育程度、看护时间和经济能力有关。

The Analysis on Nutrition Monitoring of Children Aged<5 in Urban and Rural Areas

Objective To acquire necessary data for developing children - related nutrition interventions. Method 2 monitoring spots were selected with each having 600 children aged 〈 5 and their mothers as subjects. The monitoring contents included 3 parts, i.e. child health - nutrition survey, mother health survey and household survey. Result Average birth -weight of infants was 3312 ＋475 g. Prevalence of under -birth -weight was 3.7%, one of stunting was 4.1%, underweight was 2.3%, all with higher in rural spot than urban one. Two - week prevalence of respiratory disease and diarrhea of children were 36.4% and 10.4% respectively. There was higher rate of breastfeeding in rural area than urban one（ 63.4% 〉55.8%）. Children＇ complementary feeding behavior had significantly been improved both in urban and rural spots. Prevalence of anaemia of children in urban and rural spots were 11.2% and 10.1% respectively. Prevalence of underweight of mothers in urban and rural spots were 14.6% and 11.5% respectively. Prevalence of anaemia of mothers in urban and rural spots were 14.6% and 17.7% respectively. Conclusion The status of health - nutrition of rural children was inferior to urban ones, maybe, this condition was associated with mother＇s health status, education back- ground, look- after time and earning capacity.