Presynaptic modulation of the release of the co-transmitters noradrenaline and ATP

Summary— The release of both sympathetic co-transmitters, noradrenaline and ATP, is modulated via presynaptic receptors. However, the degree of the modulation may differ indicating that the ratio of the released co-transmitters changes upon presynaptic receptor activation. For example, α₂-autoinhibition affects the release of noradrenaline more markedly than the release of ATP. Some sympathetic axon terminals possess presynaptic P₂-purinoceptors which are activated by endogenous ATP. These receptors are a novel kind of auto-receptor: they mediate a presynaptic negative feedback mechanism in which released ATP inhibits subsequent co-transmitter release.