噪声对工人心血管系统和听力影响

目的 分析生产性噪声对船舶制造企业作业工人心血管系统和听力的影响。 方法 选择接触噪声的工人920例为接触组,不接触噪声的工人900例为对照组,根据《职业健康监护技术规范》(GBZ 188-2014)开展血压、心电图、外耳纯音电测听等检查,对有听力损失者进行脱岗48 h纯音电测听复检。 结果 接触组耳鸣、心悸、耳聋和头痛等自觉症状发生率,高血压、心肌受损以及听力损失检出率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01)。接触组男性听力损失检出率达20.76%,高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。语频听力损失和高频听力损失检出率均有随着工龄的延长而增多的趋势(P<0.05),但在听力损失构成上,各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 噪声对船舶制造企业作业工人血压、心电图有一定的影响,应采取有效措施加以防范。

Noise exposure caused adverse effects on cardiovascular system and hearing

Objective To observe the adverse effects of noise on cardiovascular system and hearing of the occupationally exposed workers in shipyards. Methods Totally 920 workers occupationally exposed to noise and 900 workers without any records of noise exposure were studied. Occupational health examination was done according to the Technical Specifications for Occupational Health Surveillance(GBZ 188-2014). The suspected cases of hearing loss were tested again with pure tone audiometry after they stopped exposure for 48 hours. Results The exposed workers had higher incidence of self-conscious symptoms, such as the tinnitus, palpitations, deafness and headache(P<0.05). The physical examination showed that the exposed workers had higher incidence of hypertension, myocardial damage and hearing loss(P<0.05).The occurrence rate of hearing loss among male workers was higher than that among female workers(P<0.05). There was a trend that both the rate of speech frequency hearing loss and the rate of high frequency hearing loss were higher among workers with longer exposure time(P<0.05). However,there was no significant difference in the composition of hearing loss among different groups(P>0.05). Conclusion Noise exposure in shipyards caused hypertension, myocardial damage and hearing loss. The effective measures against noise exposure should be taken to protect the worker's health.