出生缺陷监测分析与政策思考

目的:了解湖州市6年来出生缺陷变化趋势,探讨切实可行的有效措施。方法:对1999年1月～2004年12月湖州市22家医院产科分娩的91236例围产儿进行出生缺陷监测,统计分析出生缺陷检出率,各种出生缺陷的发生率、类别、构成比。结果:①共发现出生缺陷儿982例,出生缺陷检出率107.63/万,有逐年增高趋势。②出生缺陷前5位依次为总唇裂(17.32/万),指趾畸形(15.56/万),先天性心脏病(15.24/万),外耳畸形(13.59/万),先天性脑积水(7.89/万)。③出生缺陷围产儿死亡率高达529.53‰。结论:本市出生缺陷检出率的上升趋势应引起高度重视,提出了当前降低出生缺陷的5点政策思考。

Analysis of monitoring on birth defects in 91 236 fetuses and think about its policy

Objective:To investigate the change tendency of birth defects occurred in 91 236 perinatal fetuses of Huzhou city during recent six years.Methods:The birth defects of 91 236 perinatal fetuses delivered in 22 hospitals of Huzhou from Jan. 1999 to Dec. 2004 were monitored. The detection rates of neonates with birth defects, mortality of perinatal fetus, incidence, kinds and constitutional ratio of various birth defects were analyzed statistically.Results:Nine hundred and eight-two neonates with birth defects were found, the detection rate was 10.76‰, with an increasing tendency year after year.The first five disease of birth defects with highest incidence were cheiloschisis (1.73‰ ), polydactylia (1.56‰), congenital heart disease (1.52‰), ear malformation (1.36‰ ) and congenital hydrocephalus ( 0.79‰ ).The perinatal mortality of birth defects was 529.53‰.Conclusion:Cautious attention should be paid to the increasing tendency of birth defect detection rate. Augmentation of environment protection and health care during pregnancy, establishment of birth defect monitoring system based on populartion and regular routine prenatal examination and diagnosis will be beneficial to the reduction of birth defects.