某医院泌尿道医院感染的分布与长期趋势分析

目的：研究某医院1993年至2000年住院患者泌尿道医院感染的分布及其发病率变动趋势.方法：采用前瞻性调查的方法监测某医院1993年至2000年的所有住院患者泌尿道医院感染发生情况.结果：1993年至2000年该医院住院手术患者共126 665例,其中377例发生泌尿道医院感染,感染发病率为0.30%.1993年至2000年各年份泌尿道医院感染发病率分别为0.63%、0.44%、0.29%、0.41%、0.23%、0.21%、0.21%、0.13%,呈逐年下降趋势.泌尿外科、其他外科、内科、妇科、产科、儿科、五官科各科室的泌尿道医院感染发病率分别为1.79%、0.43%、0.29%、0.62%、0.11%、0.11%、0.02%.1993年至2000年产科、五官科、儿科泌尿道医院感染发病率无明显下降趋势,泌尿外科、妇科、内科、其他外科泌尿道医院感染发病率呈下降趋势.男性、女性泌尿道医院感染发病率分别为：0.29%、0.31%.1993年至2000年男性、女性泌尿道医院感染发病率呈下降趋势.婴儿、幼儿、少年、成年、老年组的泌尿道医院感染发病率分别为0.00%、0.18%、0.15%、0.25%、0.47%,老年组显著高于其他组.除婴儿组各年泌尿道医院感染发病率均为0.00%、幼儿组发病率变化差异无统计学意义,其他各组泌尿道医院感染发病率呈明显下降趋势.春、夏、秋、冬4季的泌尿道医院感染发病率分别为：0.45%、0.60%、0.36%、0.32%,夏季的发病率明显高于其他季节.4个季节的泌尿道医院感染发病率均呈显著下降趋势.结论：不同亚人群泌尿道感染发病率明显不同.总泌尿道医院感染发病率呈下降趋势.总泌尿道医院感染发病率逐渐下降趋势归因于大多数亚人群泌尿道医院感染发病率的下降.系统的医院感染监测可有效降低泌尿道医院感染率.

Distributions and secular trends of nosocomial infection incidence rates in urinary tract in a hospital

Aim: To study the distributions and secular trends of nosocomial infection incidence in urinary tract in a hospital.Methods: Nosocomial infection in urinary tract in hospitalized patients from a hospital was monitored by prospective investigation from 1993 to 2000. Results: A total of 126 665 hospitalized patients were surveyed,377 patients developed nosocomial infection in urinary tract, and the total nosocomial infection incidence in urinary tract was 0.30%. The nosocomial infection incidence in urinary tract from 1993 to 2000 were 0.63%,0.44%,0.29%,0.41%,0.23%,0.21%,0.21%,0.13% and there was a downward trend. The nosocomial infection incidence in urinary tract in the department of urinary surgery, department of surgery, department of internal medicine, department of gynaecology,department of obstetrics,department of pediatrics,and department of otolaryngology were 1.79%,0.43%,0.29%,0.62%,0.11%, 0.11%, and 0.02%. The incidence had downward trends in the department of urinary surgery, department of internal medicine, department of surgery, and department of gynaecology.The nosocomial infection incidence in urinary tract in male and female were 0.29%,and 0.31%,respectively and there was downward trends with time in both males and females. The nosocomial infection incidence in urinary tract in the infants, children before school, the young ,the adult, and the elder were 0.00%,0.18%,0.15%,0.25%,0.47%, and there were downward trends in the young, the adult,and the elder from 1993 to 2000. The nosocomial infection incidence in urinary tract in Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter were 0.45%, 0.60%,0.36%,and 0.32% and the rate in summer was the highest in four seasons, and there were downward trends in the incidence from 1993 to 2000.Conclusion: The nosocomial infection incidence in urinary tract in different sub-populations is significantly different. The total nosocomial infection incidence in urinary tract decreases from 1993 to 2000. The decrease of the nosocomial infection incidence in urinary tract is caused by the decrease of the nosocomial infection incidence in urinary tract in most sub-populations. The nosocomial infection incidence in urinary tract is cut down effectively by the Nosocomial Infection Surveillance and Control opened up in 1993.